婴幼儿缺铁性贫血筛查

[摘 要 ] 目的 探讨婴幼儿缺铁性贫血（IDA）与性别、月龄、母亲贫血史的关系. 方法 本次研究中528例婴幼儿均为本院2009年1月～2010年12月进行保健体检的儿童,根据月龄进行分组,进行血常规与血清铁蛋白检测与问卷调查. 结果 男女患病率差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）.0～6个月组与7～12个月组婴幼儿男女性别组间血清血红蛋白（Hb）平均值差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）.婴幼儿中7～12个月平均血红蛋白含量最低,婴幼儿贫血发生的高发期为7～12个月.贫血发生率随着年龄的增长不断降低,25～36个月的婴幼儿Hb平均值与其他组相比显著提高（P ＜ 0.05）. 结论 婴幼儿IDA的发病以7～12个月为多发,母亲孕期贫血发病率较高,针对性预防对于婴幼儿IDA的预防和治疗有良好的作用.

[关 键 词 ] 婴幼儿；缺铁性贫血；筛查；分析

[中图分类号] R723 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1674-4721（2012）07（b）-0187-02

The screening analysis of infant with iron deficiency anemia

GU Dongling WENG Wenwa

The Maternity and Child Care Centers of Baiyun District of Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510400, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship betweem iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and gender, months of age, maternal anemia history. Methods Five hundred and twenty-eight cases of infants were collected from January 2009 to December 2010 in our hospital with care medical and were divided according to the months of age, the blood tests and serum iron protein detection and questionnaire survey were given. Results The difference of the prevalence between men and women was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The infant gender groups Hb erage of 0 to 6 months group and 7 to 12 months group had significant difference (P < 0.05). The erage hemoglobin content of infants for 7 to 12 months was the minimum, the high incidence of infant anemia occurred in 7 to 12 months. Anemia occurred rate was lower with the growth of age, 25 to 36 months infant Hb erage increased significantly pared with other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The IDA incidence of infants most occurs in 7 to 12 months, maternal anemia during pregnancy has a higher prevalence. It has good effect for the prevention and treatment of IDA infant to give the targeted prophylaxis.

[Key words] Infants, Iron deficiency anemia, Screening, Analysis

缺铁性贫血（IDA）是体内缺乏铁元素而影响血液内血红蛋白的合成而导致的贫血症状,在婴幼儿中发病率极高[1].在我国政府以及WHO的小儿病防治中均为重点防治的对象.现在医学研究表明,缺铁会导致儿童发育迟缓、运动能力和免疫功能受到影响.笔者对本院进行健康保健的婴幼儿进行了IDA患病率与影响因素的筛查.

1.资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本次研究中528例婴幼儿均为本院2009年1月～2010年12月进行保健体检的儿童,调查研究均获取儿童家长的支持,自愿配合调查.受调查儿童月龄为1～36个月,受调查儿童男313例,女215例.将所有调查对象根据月龄进行分组,共分为0～6个月、7～12个月、12～24个月、24～36个月4组.

1.2 方法

调查对象的血常规检查由本院检验科专职检验师进行操作,抽取调查对象左手无名指的指端血,完成血常规与血清铁蛋白检测.通过问卷调查的方式对被调查婴幼儿的一般情况进行分析,包括母亲怀孕期间贫血等情况.

对被调查婴幼儿进行体格检查,新生儿出生后完成,操作均为本院儿童保健科的专职医生进行,测量内容包括新生儿体重、身高、头围与生长发育的情况[2].

1.3 诊断标准

根据2001年WHO缺铁性缺血诊断标准与参考文献中的标准,以血清血红蛋白（Hb）降低为IDA的诊断标准[3].其中轻度贫血的Hb为90～110 g/L,中度贫血的Hb为60～89 g/L,重度贫血的Hb为30～59 g/L.