科技英语数量的翻译

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摘 要:科技英语中准确性非常重要,尤其是对数量的翻译要求精准,翻译时必须重视.

关 键 词 :数量 准确 翻译

中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2013)01(a)-0-02

翻译是各个不同民族之间进行沟通和交流的工具.翻译的任务在于准确而完整的介绍原文的思想内容,使读者对原文的思想内容有正确的理解,然而,影响原文正确翻译的主要因素,往往是某些特殊语法现象和某些特殊的惯用法.不能简单地按字面意思或一般的语法规则去理解,否则会容易译错.因此掌握一些固定搭配和疑难结构,对正确理解原文起着非常重要的作用.下面是科技英语中常见的有关数量的疑难结构及具体译法.

1.名词数的译法

科技英语中的名词具有数的表达形式,尤其是可数名词的复数,具有词性上的变化.而汉语名词却没有单复数的明确概念.这就要求我们在翻译时,将英语中数的概念表达出来.

(1)译成笼统的多数

If the reaction took hours,and not seconds.,the fuel costs would be prohibitive.

检测如这一反应需要数小时而不是几秒钟,那么燃料成本就太高了.

(2)译成具体的多数

Before turning a workpiece on the lathe,the lathe centers are to be aligned.

在车床上切削工件之前,车床两顶针必须对准.

(3)译成叠词的形式

The sun and stars are luminous bodies. 太阳和星星是发光体.

(4)译成不同种类

The properties of steels depend on the quantity of carbon they contain.

各种钢的性能取决于它们的含碳量.

2.科技英语中表数量的疑难结构及其翻译

(1)On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month the Kitchen God went up to heen,and the theatre shut down until New Year’s Day.

腊月二十三灶王爷上天,后台封上戏箱,要等年初一开戏.

(2)as much(many)等 as 译成“等那样多的等”或“等的等.都等”.

A saturated solution contains as much solid as it can dissolve.

饱和溶液含有它所能溶解的最大量的固体.

(3)more than + 数字 译成“等以上”或“等多”.

More than 100 chemical elements are known to man,of these,about 80 are metals.


人类已知的化学元素有100种以上,其中有80种是金属.

(4)less 等 than 相当于 not so 等 as,译为“比等小”或“不及等”“不如等”.

The electrons meet less resistance when the conductor is cold than when it is hot.

电子在导体冷却时遇到的阻力比导体热时的小.

3.倍数的译法

3.1 “几倍于”的译法

(1)倍数+ as 等 as 的译法

“ n times + as 等 as ” 译为 “是等的n倍”“为等n倍”.

The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as hey as the hydrogen atom.

氧原子的重量几乎是氢原子的16倍.

The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的热导率是玻璃的数百倍.

(2)倍数+ 比较级+ than 译法 n times + 比较级 + than 译为 “是等的n 倍”

Iron is almost three times heier than aluminum. 铁的重量几乎是铝的3倍.The volume of the earth is 49 times larger than of the moon.

地球的体积是月球的49倍.

(3)倍数+名词(代词that)译法

英语中“ n times +名词(代词+that)”译为“ 是等的n 倍”

The peak value of an alternating current is 1.414 times its effective value.

交流电的峰值为其有效值的1.414倍.

3.2 增加量的译法

(1)by + n +单位:表示净增量

The production has increased by 36. 产量已增加了36

(2)n times n-fold n 00 表示成n倍的增加,增加到n倍,或增加了n-1倍. In 1975,the output value of Shanghai’s hey industry multiplied 18 times as against 1949. 1975年上海重工业产值比1949年增长了17倍.

(3)by + a factor of + n 表示增加到n倍,增加了n-1倍.

The production of machine tools has been increased by a factor of 6 since 1965.

自从1965年以来,机床产量增加了5倍.

(4)比较级 + by a factor of + n 表示增加后达到的倍数,可译为“增加了n-1倍”或“比等大(长、宽等)n-1倍”.

The error probability of binary AM is greater than for binary FM by a factor of at least 6. 二进制调幅的误差概率比二进制调频至少大5倍.

(5)as +adj,adv +again as 表示“比等大(长、宽等)一倍(即净增一倍)如果again 前再加half,则表示“比等大(长、宽)半倍(即净增50%).”

This wire is as long again as that. 这根金属线的长度为那根的两倍.(这根比那根长一倍).

This wire is half again as long as that. 这根金属线的长度是那根的一倍

(6)an increase of +名词 或 a n% increase 表示净增的数量或百分数.

There is a 20% increase of steel as pared with last year. 钢产量比去年增加了20%.

(7)a n times(n-fold)increase 表示增加到n倍,译为增加了n-1倍

The posites showed a two-fold increase in modulus of elasticity and a five-fold increase in tensile strength over that of the plain matrix.

这些复合材料的弹性模数比单纯基体材料增大了1倍,而抗张强度则增大了4倍.

(8)to n times 表示增加到n倍,译为增加了n-1倍.

The liquor was diluted with water to five times its original volume.

溶液用水稀释到其原来体积的5倍.

(9)double(两倍)、treble(三倍)、quadruple(四倍)表示增加到的倍数.

As the high voltage was abruptly trebled,all the valves burnt.由于电压突然增加了两倍,管子都烧坏了.

If the resistance is doubled without changing the voltage,the current bees only half as strong. 如果电压不变,电阻增加1倍,电流就减小二分之一.

3.3 减少量的译法

(1)净减量,by + n+ 单位

The loss of metal was reduced by 40%. 金属损耗减少了40%.

(2)成n倍的减少,即减少前的数量为减少后的数量的n倍(减少成1/n).译为“减少到1/n或减少了n-1/n”.

The operating cost decreased three times. 操作费用减少了三分之二.

The data in Fig 3 show a nearly three-fold difference in the highest values.

图3的数据表明,各最大值几乎相差二倍.

(3)减少了n倍,即减少前的数量比减少后的数量大n倍,译为减少了n/n+1或为等的1/n+1

This one is nine times lighter than that one. 这个比那个轻十分之九.

4.结语

英语是世界上广泛使用的语言之一,用英语发表的科学技术论文很多,所以科技英语的翻译是十分必要的,科技英语翻译的目的是介绍国外的先进科学技术,而科学技术对准确性的要求是特别严格的.