边听边算心中有数

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中考英语听力测试中,经常涉及数字计算题.做题时,考生一般需要进行简单的加、减、乘、除四则运算.而听力测试时间一瞬而过,如果大家对其涉及的常用短语、句型和解题技巧不熟悉的话,很容易误入命题人设置的陷阱.这也是同学们在听力考试中最容易失分的题型.本文从数字计算题的常见考点、解题技巧、关于数词的辨异与识记、数的理解与判断、数的运算与推导等不同角度对其进行详细解析,来帮助同学们做好听力试题中的数字计算题.

常考考点及解题技巧

【常考考点】

数字计算题的考查点主要包括:1. 基数词、序数词、分数、百分数;2.年龄、、距离、、门牌、人或物的数量;3.年、月、日、时、分等时间单位.

常见的句型有:

①What’s the age of...? ②How old...? ③How long...?

④How soon...? ⑤How many...? ⑥How much...?

⑦What is the price? ⑧What’s the distance between...?

【解题技巧】

1. 记录有关数字.在听力理解测试中,涉及数字的种类较多,有基数词、序数词、分数、百分数、日期、时刻、年代等;有些数字较长,如路程、编号、等.在听的过程中,准备好纸和笔,快速地、及时地记录相关数据,为计算做准备.听数字时,要注意区分以-teen结尾的数词与以-ty结尾的数词在发音上的不同.前者为长音结束,后者以短音结束;还要注意以-th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词的不同.听多位数字时,先浏览选项,若几个数字只在一两位上有区别,如653713、 657313、563713,则通过预测就可发现,听完录音的前四位数,答案就出来了,无需将全部数字听完.


2. 运用关 键 词 ,确定计算的方法.当涉及的数字不止一个时,应考虑运算.这类试题的特点是,如果听到什么数字就选什么数字,往往会做错.对话中经常会出现某些关 键 词 ,如:more, less, early, late, increase(增加), reduce(减少), times(几倍), couple, pair, half, quarter, $10 each for 3 tickets, at a 30% discount (打七折), one-third off the normal price等,这些词是进行数字计算的重要依据,要特别留意.

3. 熟练掌握分数、百分数、小数以及钟点、星期、年鉴的表达方式和读法,以利于在听力过程中的理解.如下列数字的表达方式和读法分别是:

①普通数字:

37读作:thirty-seven

44,935,287读作:forty-four million, nine hundred and thirty-five thousand, two hundred and eighty-seven

②分数:

1/2读作:a half 1/3读作:one third 1/4读作:a quarter/one fourth

③百分数

47%:forty-seven percent

④小数

75.89读作:seventy-five point eight nine

⑤时间

12:30读作:twelve thirty/half past twelve 9:45读作:nine forty-five/a quarter to ten

⑥日期

231 B. C.读作:two-three-one B. C.

June 8, 1999读作:June the eighth nieen niy nine

以上数字的表达式和读法并不能概括所有的情况.我们在平时的训练中,可以根据这些方法举一反三、多听多练,逐步掌握这种题型的应试技巧.总的来说,做这类题目,要做到边听边算、心中有数,才能十拿九稳.

数词的辨异与识记

数词的辨异与识记是英语听力中常见的问题,旨在考查学生对读音及数词的记忆和分辨能力.这类试题主要有下列几种情形:

1. “十几”与“几十”的读音.如:thirteen―thirty, fourteen―forty, fifteen―fifty, sixteen―sixty, seventeen ― seventy, eighteen―eighty, nieen―niy.还要注意,“几”跟“第几”的读音.如:six―sixth, eight―eighth.

【经典考题1】How much a pound are the oranges?

A. 6 cents. B. 16 cents. C. 60 cents.

录音原文:

M: Those oranges look nice. How much are they?

W: They are sixty cents a pound.

解析:对于这种题型,同学们要了解并掌握数词的读音规则.“十几”的读音为两个重音,即前后两个音节都必须重读;“几十”的重音位置在第一个音节.同时,“十几”的后一个音节有鼻音;而“几十”的后一个音节不含鼻音.答案选C.

2. “分数”跟“序数”.如:three fifths students of our class 我们班五分之三的学生;the third five students 第三批的五个学生. 3. 、门牌、车次等各种的记忆与辨识.

【经典考题2】How many lessons has Peter had?

A. 10. B.140. C.14.

录音原文:

W:Peter, you’re learning to drive, aren’t you? Do you go to the AA Driving School?

M:Actually it’s called the ABC Driving School.

W:Is it expensive? I want to learn to drive.

M:It costs me a hundred and forty pounds already. I’ve had ten lessons and each one is fourteen pounds.

W:Is that for an hour?

M:Less than that, about forty-five minutes.

解析:本题主要考查对数字的识记与辨识.题干问的是,彼得有多少节课.选项A为彼得上课的量,而选项B是指他花钱的数量,选项C是每节课的费用.答案为A.

【经典考题3】What’s the woman’s phone number?

A. 8795468 B. 8795386 C. 8795648

录音原文:

M:Hello. This is 8795468. Who’s that, please?

W:This is Jenny speaking. May I speak to Mrs. White, please?

M:Oh, sorry. She is not in this moment. May I take a message for you, please?

W:Thanks. Ask her to call me when she es back. My phone number is 8795386.

M:OK.

解析:本题主要考查对的识记与辨识.选项A为男士的,而选项B才是女士的,选项C是错误的干扰项.答案为B.

【经典考题4】What number is it here?

A. No.132. B. No.231. C. No.123.

录音原文:

W:Hello, is Mr. Smith in?

M:No. He doesn’t live here.

W:Is it No.132, Wall Street here.

M:Oh, you he inversed the last two numbers here.

解析:本题主要考查最后两个数词的记忆与辨异.根据No.132及答话者中的you he inversed the last two numbers here可知,这里应该是No.123,而不是No.132,答案选C.

温馨提醒:在数的识记与辨异中,考生除了掌握数词的读音、数的顺序之外,还应该了解并掌握数字的不同意义.如:two thirds students与the third two students意义就不一样;另一方面,还应该了解英美人对数字的习惯读法.如:double six(66)/three fives(555), 对于零的读法可能为:zero或o.

数的理解与判断

英语跟汉语一样,也有一些看似普通而暗含数量关系的词.如:dozen (12);score (20);fortnight(two weeks);decade(10 years);couple(2); double(2);pair(2);again (times);century(100 years);twice(2 times);return (to and from);no more than (only);not more than(at most);quarter等.在英语谈话中,我们会经常用到.只有真正熟悉、理解这些词的用法,才能在听力测试中做到胸有成竹,自如地进行运算.

【经典考题5】How many times he the two speakers been to the space museum?

A. Never. B. Twice. C. Many times.

录音原文:

W:I hen’t been to the space museum so far.

M:Me, neither.

解析:本题考查对含数量关系的词的理解.neither在此意为“两个都不”,A项正确.

【经典考题6】How old is the girl?

A. 13. B. 12. C. 11.

录音原文:

W:Hello! I’ve e to see if my brother and I can join your club.

M:How old is your brother?

W:He is 11, and I’m 2 years older than he.

解析:本题考查对倍数表达法的理解.2 years older than表示“比他大两岁”.所以,女孩的年龄是11+2等于13(岁). 【经典考题7】How many flowers did Mary make yesterday?

A. 40. B. 50. C. 80.

录音原文:

M:I made only 20 paper flowers yesterday. How many did you make, Mary?

W:Two and a half again of yours.

解析:本题主要考查考生对again的理解.在英语中,除了once,twice,times表示倍数关系以外,again在口语中也表示倍数关系.如果考生不知道这一点,那就无从下手,只能乱猜.根据玛丽的回答可知,20的2.5倍,显然是50,答案选B.

【经典考题8】How much should the girl pay for her tickets?

A. 600 yuan. B. 500 yuan. C. 1100 yuan.

录音原文:

M:Hello, what can I do for you?

W:I’ll go to Beijing and want to buy some tickets. What’s the price?

M:Oh. 300 yuan for Beijing and 250 yuan back.

W:OK. I’ll get two return tickets.

解析:主要考查对return的理解.有些考生只知道return意为“归还;回来”等,很容易将句子理解为“两张回来的票”,从而将答案错选为B.其实,return在此的意思为“往返”,而两张往返票的价钱为:(300+250)×2等于1 100,答案选C.

数的运算与推导

这类题型的特点是,听力材料中往往给出一个参考数字,然后再给出一个差数,让考生快速运算,得出正确答案.

【经典考题9】How soon will Sally e back home?

A. In 4 days. B. In 2 days. C. In 6 days.

录音原文:

M:Are you leing on business today, Sally?

W:Yes. I will stay in Hangzhou for 4 days and in Xiamen for 2 days.

解析:她在杭州出差4天,在西安出差2天,共出差4+2等于6(天).答案为C.

【经典考题10】What time does Miss Li begin to work?

录音原文:

W:Is Miss Li often late for work?

M:Never. She always starts at seven fifteen. It often takes her half an hour to drive to the office.Then she still has 15 minutes to get ready for her work.

解析:考查数字的简单运算.她早上7:15出发,开车需要30分钟,还有15分钟做准备工作.因此可以推断出,她开始工作的时间为8点.

【经典考题11】What time does the train lee?

A. At 6:15. B. At 6:25. C. At 6:50.

录音原文:

M:I’m afraid we’ll miss the train. What time is it now?

W:It’s 6:15. There are 10 minutes left. Let’s hurry.

解析:本题首先出现了时间6:15,但它不是问题的答案.只有联系后面的There are 10 minutes left.(还剩下10分钟)可以推断出,答案为B.

【经典考题12】When should Susan go to meet Professor Brown?

A. At 10:00. B. At 10: 30. C. At 11:00.

录音原文:

W:Can I e to see you at 10, Professor Brown?

M:I’m sorry, Susan, but I’m meeting my students then. Why not e half an hour later?

解析:考生首先听到时间10:00,但它并不是问题的答案.联系后面布朗教授的提议Why not e half an hour later?(为什么不晚半个小时来呢)可知,苏珊应该在10:30去见布朗教授,正确答案为B.

温馨提醒:在数的运算与推导中,考生必须抓住another, more, less, fewer, increase, decrease, lose, gain, rise, fall, reduce, over, above, under, below等表示数量关系的词.同时,也必须注意抓住to, past, early, late, before, after, fast, quarter, slow, ahead of等表示时间关系的词.只有这样,才能推导出正确答案.

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