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推荐文章：英语四级完形填空试题及答案解释
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To others and themselves the British have a reputation for being conservative——not in the narrow political sense, but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilling to question them.The r
Passage 1When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income,they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society,but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma,at least.Without that,you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison,and you can successfully dropout in grade school.
Get a college degree,if possible.With a B.A.,you are on the launching pad.But now you have to start to put on the brakes.If you go for a master's degree,make sure it is an M.B.A.,and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.
Do you know,for instance,that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors?Yes,the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24000. While the full professors managed to earn just $23030.
A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get.Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes,if you pursue such a degree in any other field,you will face a dim future. there are more Ph.D.s unemloyed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.
If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy,you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands.Not for our needs,mind you,but for our demands.
Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes,driving cars,waiting on table,and endlessly filling out applications month after month.They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough,that is,to make you useful to the gross national product,but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profi
t on you.
According to the writer,what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _____.[ANSWER]
A)will not be a disgrace to society
B)will become loyal citizens
C)can take care of themselves
D)can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower
Many Ph.D.s are out of job because _____.[ANSWER]
A)they are improperly educated
B)they are of little commercial value to their society
C)there are fewer jobs in high schools
D)they prefer easier jobs that make more money
The nation is only interested in people _____.[ANSWER]
A)with diplomas
B)who specialize in physics and chemistry
C)who are valuable to the gross national product
D)both A and C
Which of the following is not true?[ANSWER]
A)Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools,nor did Edison.
B)One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.
C)The higher your education level,the more money you will earn.
D)If you are too well-educated,you'll be overeducated for society's demands.
The writer sees education as _____.[ANSWER]
A)a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workers
B)a way to broaden one's horizons
C)more important than finding a job
D)an opportunity that everyone should have
Passage 2The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps inmaking food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon.Difficult cultures are some prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitr
ites,commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows.Sometimes similar drugs are administered(given) to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market.Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.
How has science done a disservice to manmind?_____.[ANSWER]
A)Because of science,disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually done away with
B)It has caused a lack of information,concerning the value of food
C)As a result of scientific intervention,some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food
D)The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables
What are nitrates used for?_____.[ANSWER]
A)They preserve flavor in packaged foods
B)They preserve the color of meats
C)They are the objects of research
D)They cause the animals to become fatter
What does FDA mean as an organization?_____.[ANSWER]
A)Food Direct Additives
B)Final Difficult Analysis
C)Food and Drug Administration
D)Federal Dairy Additives
The word carcinogenic means most nearly the same as _____.[ANSWER]
A)trouble-making
B)color-retaining
C)money-making
D)cancer-causing
Which of the following statements is not true?_____.[ANSWER]
A)Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
B)Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
C)Researche
rs have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over thirty-five years
D)Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world
Passage 3There are various way in which individual economic units can interact with one another.Three basic ways may be described as the market system,the administered system,and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other the the marketplace.It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them.In a market,transcations may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles,shoes,and pizzas are traded against each other.Obviously,finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.Hence,the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.In the modern market economy,goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions.This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced,exchanged,and consumed by each economic unit.Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy.The central plan.drawn up by government,shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption.This is an example or complete planning of production,consumption,and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society,production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition:every person's place with--in the economic system is fixed by parentage,religion,and custom.Transactions take place on the basis of tradition,too.People belonging to a certain group of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons,p[1] [2] [3] 下一页 |
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