|
|
|
| www.eduxue.com 来源：不详 更新时间：2005-3-29 【字体：小 大】 |
推荐文章：四级语法练习题
推荐文章简介：
练习题 1)When the firein the movies, the people lost their heads and ran in all directions. A) broke in B) broke up C) broke out D) broke into 2) Don t hangthe window. It s dan
Passage Three
Who talks more, women or men? The seemingly contradictory evidence is reconciled by the difference between what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable by doing “public speaking”, while more women feel comfortable doing “private” speaking. Another way of capturing these differences is by using the terms report-talk and rapport(和谐，和善)-talk.
For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences. From childhood, girls criticize peers who try to stand out or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home, or in settings where they feel at home with one or a few people they feel close to and comfortable with， in other words, during private speaking. But even the most public situations can be approached like private speaking.
For most men, talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical（等级的） social order. This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by holding center stage through verbal performance such as storytelling, joking, or imparting （给予，传授）information. From childhood, men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention. So they are more comfortable speaking in larger groups made up of people they know less well, in the broadest sense, “public speaking”. But even the most private situations can be approached like public speaking, more like giving a report than establishing rapport.
词汇注释：
contradictory 自相矛盾的
reconcile 使和解；调停
similarity 相似之处
peer 同辈人
approach 与（某人）接洽或交涉
译文：
是男人说话多，还是女人说话多？这种看似自相矛盾的证据在我所说的在公众面前的讲话和私人之间
谈话的不同面前却达成了一致。男人大多能在公众场合从容不迫地讲话，而女人却在进行私人谈话时
怡然自得。另外一个了解这些不同的方法是使用“报告类谈话”和“和善类谈话”这两个词。 对于大部分妇女而言，谈话所使用的语言主要是一种和善的语言：这恰是建立联系和协商关系的办法。
女性之间注重展示相互间的相同点和分享彼此的经历。 从少年时代起，女孩就会批评那些想要与众不同或显得比别人优越的同伴
。她们在下面的情况都能
感受到人与人之间的亲密关系：在家里，在舒适的地方，与那些觉得亲近并且很舒服的人呆在一起时，
换言之，在私底下谈话时。不过，即使是在公共场合，私人谈话也可以照样进行。
对于男人来说，说话主要被用来保持自己的独立性以及在等级社会中商定和维护身份。这主要通过展
示知识和技巧，通过讲故事、说笑或传授信息而占据中心舞台来实现。从少年时代起，男孩就学着将
说话作为一种引起和保持注意力的手段。所以他们更适应在不认识的人群面前讲话，从广义上讲，即
所谓的“公众场合的讲话”。但是，即使是再私人的场合，男人也可以像在公众场合讲话。而这更像是
在做报告，而不是在建立一种联系。
1. Another term for “private talking” is_______. （“私人谈话”的另外一种说法是：）
A）. report talk （做报告式讲话） B）. rapport talk（和善的谈话）
C）. persuasive talk （劝说性的谈话） D）. women's talk （女人间的谈话）
2. When women talk, they tend to_______. （女人说话时，她们容易：）
A).criticize their friends who stand out（批评出风头的朋友）
B).make others feel at home（让别人感到舒服）
C).approach public situations like private talking（像对待私人谈话一样对待在公众场合的讲话）
D).seek close relationship with other speakers（寻求与别人的亲密关系）
3. Men talk in order to _______. （男人说话是为了：）
A). Make new friends（交新朋友） B). share experience（分享体验）
C). negotiate with others（与人协商） D). get attention（获得注意）
4. The purpose of this passage is to _______. （本文的写作目的是：）
A).compare and contrast the male and female talking styles（比较和对比男女不同的说话方式）
B).analyze the male and female talk（分析男女说话）
C).inform of the gender difference（告诉读者性别的不同）
D).draw people’s attention to the difference（引起人们对此不同的注意）
5. The conclusion we can draw from this passage is that _______. （我们从文章中可以得出的结论是：）
A).men talk more than women（男人比女人讲话多）
B).men and women have different conversational styles（男人和女人有不同的说话方式）
C).men like to display their knowledge and skills in their talk（男人更容易在谈话时展示自己的知识和技巧）
D).men are more independent than women（男人比女人更独立）
1.答案为B）。 在第一段中，report-talk指的是public speaking， rapport-talk即指 private speaking。
2.答案为C）。 这道题考察的是对文章的概括能力，只有选项C是对第二段的概述，而其余3 项均为细节描述。
3.答案为D）。 可以在第三段中部找到答案。From childhood，men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention。
4.答案为A）。 文章的目的就是对比男性与女性说话方式的不同，因此判断选项A是正确的。
5.答案为B）。 通过对比男性与女性说话方式，可以得出二者的不同，因此判断
选项B是正确的。
Passage Four
Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the mount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes prior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
The second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained.
Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.
词汇注释：
dilute 冲淡；稀释
noxious 有害的；有毒的
corrective 有矫正作用的
dwindle 减少
effluents 支流；废水或污水
supplemental 补充的
poultry 家禽
marketable可卖的；适合在市场出售的
译文：
在未来，水的问题将变得越来越严重和复杂。人口的增加将大大地增加城市的废弃物，尤其是城市污水。另一方面，不断增长的水需求将大大减少用于净化废弃物的水的数量。涉及越来越多的复杂的化学工序
的工业的大力发展将产生更大量的固体废物，而这些废物中含有有毒的化学物质。为了供养不断增加的人口，在农业上不得不实行集约化经营。这就意味着要使用越来越多的化肥。从中我们可以很清楚地看出，必须立刻采取行之有效的步骤来制订针对人口问题的矫正措施。 减少污染问题可以有两种方法。第一种与为了降低污染危险而进行的废物处理有关。这其中包括固体废弃物在扔掉之前的加工处理，为了使水能够再利用或在最后排放掉之前为了降低污染而进行的液体污染物的处理。
第二种方法是开发全部或部分废弃物的经济利用。田里播撒农肥是把它作为一种有机添加物在使用。在有些地方，废物处理厂出来的污水既可用于灌溉也可利用其中所含的营养物。
从其它处理厂出来的污水也可以作为水资源的补充。许多工厂，例如肉禽加工厂，目前正在将以往的废弃物变成有市场价值的产品。其他的工厂也在探索如何利用废弃产品的潜在经济价值。
1. The purpose of the passage is to _____. 这篇文章的目的是------
A). inform the reader about water pollution problems 告诉读者水污染问题
B). warn the reader of the dwindling water supply警告读者要注意日益减少的水资源问题
C). explain various uses of water 介绍水的诸多用途
D)．discuss measures to solve the pollution problem 讨论解决污染问题的措施
2. The word "noxious" in the fourth sentence of the first paragraph means _____. 第四段里“noxious”一词的意思是------
A). dangerous危险的 B). poisonous 有毒的 C). harmful 有害的 D). disadvantageous不利的
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?根据上文，以下哪句不正确？
A). Diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water. 冲淡废物需要大量的水。
B). Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.随着人口的增长，人们对水的需求也会增加。
C). Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. 集约化的耕种土地需要更多的化肥。
D).Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.工业发展包括复杂的化学工序的简化。
4. It can be concluded that _____.可以从上文得出如下结论：
A). many companies of the world will work together on pollution problems世界很多公司将一起工作来应对污染问题
B). some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes有些工厂现在开发污水的经济利用价值
C). byproducts from wastes may lead to a more prosperous marketplace从废物而来的副产品将使市场更繁荣
D).science is making great progress in increasing water supplies科学在增加水的供应量方面取得很大的进步
5. The author writes the passage based on _____. 作者的论据是建立在：
A). interviews with authorities in the field of water contro[1] [2] 下一页 |
|
