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推荐文章：1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试
推荐文章简介：
Question 1-9 The ocean bottom – a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth – is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a centur
READING COMPREHENSION
Questions 1-11
With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than
an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is
named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green,
pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than
ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea
anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower
part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea
anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food.
Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other small sea
animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone s mouth. The food is
digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles
andshortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by
forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent
animals.
1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
(A) The varieties of ocean life
(B) Thecharacteristics of the sea anemone
(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones
(D) The defenses of coelenterates
2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) length
(B) grace
(C) form
(D) nature
3. The author compares a sea anemone s tentacles to a flower s.
(A) stem
(B) petals
(C) leaves
(D) roots
4.It can be inferred from the passage that hydras
(A) were named after a flower
(B) are usually found in Australia
(C) prey on sea anemones
(D) are related to sea anemones
5. It can b
e inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found
(A) attached to stationary surfaces
(B) hidden inside cylindrical objects
(C) floating among underwater flowers
(D) searching for food
6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) catch
(B) control
(C) cover
(D) clean
7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) pulls back
(B) relaxes
(C) reproduces
(D) lifts up
8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is bothered it
(A) hides under a rock
(B) alters its shape
(C) changes colors
(D) ejects a poisonous substance
9. The sea anemone reproduces by
(A) budding only
(B) forming eggs only
(C) budding or dividing only
(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing
10. Based on the information in the passage, all of the following statements about sea
anemones are true EXCEPT that they
(A) are usually tiny
(B) have flexible bodies
(C) are related to jellyfish
(D) arc usually brightly colored
11. Where does the author mention the, sea anemone s food-gathering technique?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 7-10
(D) Lines 11-14
Questions 12-23
Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes photographs of constructions that she creates for
the purpose of photographing them. In her studio she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid
forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to
walk into .She lights the construction, then rearranges and rephotographs it until she arrives
at a final image. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites,
bringing camera, lights mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own
abstract image.
Kasten starts a studio construction with a simple problem, such as using several circular
and rectangular mi
rrors . She puts the first objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes back
and forth arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the camera. Eventually she makes
instant color prints to see what the image looks like. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered
with colored filters .
Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the cost of the crew and the equipment rental
means she has to know in advance what she wants to do. She visits each location several
times to make sketches and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot
predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The techniques of a photographer
(B) The advantages of studio photography
(C) Industrial construction sites
(D) An architect who appreciates fine art
13. Which of the following would be an example of one of the "constructions" referred to
in line 1?
(A) A still life arrangement
(B) Natural landscapes
(C) An instant color print
(D) A colored filter
14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?
(A) They are part of the camera.
(B) Kasten uses them as subjects.
(C) The crew needs them.
(D) Photography mirrors life.
15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) move
(B) extend
(C) change
(D) interpret
16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten makes instant prints to
(A) give away
(B) sell as souvenirs
(C) include as part of the construction
(D) see what the construction looks like at that stage
17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) arrangement
(B) brightness
(C) quality
(D) size
18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to
(A) prints
(B) lights
(C) objects
(D) filters
19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) injections
(B) photographs
(C) loud noises
(D) effective remarks
20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to
(A) architectural styles
(B) sketches
(C) colored filters
(D) lights
21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor work before the day of the
actual shooting?
(A) To plan the photograph
(B) To purchase film and equipment
(C) To hire a crew
(D) To test the lights
22. How is Kasten s studio work different from her work at architectural sites ?
(A) She does not use lights outdoors.
(B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.
(C) She works alone outdoors.
(D) She makes more money from her work outdoors .
23. Where in the passage does the author suggest that the constructions that Kasten
photographs are life-sized?
(A) Lines2-4
(B) Lines 5-7
(C) Lines 12- 14
(D) Lines 16-I7
Questions 24-33
The temperature of the Sun is over 5.000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to
perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth
that matter can exist only as a gas , except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are
so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core.
However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.
Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at
the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere , photo-
sphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first th[1] [2] [3] 下一页 |
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