雅思小作文应体现四大原则

更新时间:2024-01-20 作者:用户投稿原创标记本站原创 点赞:20484 浏览:93415

很多参加雅思考试的同学,都对Tassk1即小作文,感到非常困惑.戴尔国际英语学校雅思写作教学的张锋老师,谈到了如何写作小作文.


小作文的类型--通常有四大类

在雅思考试中,小作文为一篇描述图表类文章,字数要求为150字,用20分钟左右的时间来完成.小作文的图表通常有四大类:pie, line, table and bar, 题目一般都是有两个或多个图表构成.题目往往给出一个图表,让考生对它进行客观的描述,不要添加自己的观点,也不要主观对其下定义,单独的叙述即可.

小作文的写作--体现四个原则

小作文一般写15句话左右,其中用2-3句话来写开头,来介绍题目、图表,中间用10句话左右进行描述,最后2句话来结尾,主要是对于图表的概括.

在小作文的写作中,有四个原则要体现出来.

1. 文章反映数据的关系要全面,文章要有概括性.

2. 有全面也要有重点,对于一些极值数据和特殊情况,要做一个重点的介绍.

3. 描述数据要按照一定的逻辑顺序,如从大到小,从小到大,从宏观到微观等等,这里推荐的是从大到小的逻辑顺序,因为这比较符合外国人的思维习惯.

4. 数据成规律变化时应当描述这个规律,不成规律时应进行适当的比较.

拿到题目后,首先要审题,然后分析题目,编辑提纲.大家不用把提纲写出来,因为图表已经很直观的显示出数据,只要找出其中的变化规律,就可以了.最后开始下笔,写作中一定要体现上面我说的四个原则.

试题分析

根据下面一篇小作文,来做一下详细说明:

The table below shows some data collected by a college bookshop for the month of February 1998.

Write a report describing the sales figures of various types of publications, based on the information shown in the table.

通过审题可以看出,这是一个表格类的文章,可以从横向和纵向来介绍数据.我们以纵向为例,可以把这个表格分为大的两个部分,也就是Non-Book Club Members 与 Book Club Members.而Non-Book Club Members又可以分为三个小部分:College Staff, College Students and Members of Public.因此可以列出提纲:开头段介绍图表,结尾段概括,写出总数,中间段落应该为两段,一段写Non-Book Club Members,写三大句话来涵盖三个小部分,另一段写Book Club Members.

范文讲解

下面我们看一下范文:

The table shows the sales figures of fiction books, non-fiction books, and magazines in a college bookshop for February 1995. The figures are divided into two groups: sales to non-Book Club members and to Book Club, members.

开头段落一共写了两句话,一句是从纵向的一个介绍,一个是从横向的介绍,最后一句话点明了下面分为两个部分,使得文章的脉络十分清晰.

The non-Book Club member figures prise sales to college staff, college students, and members of the public.

第一句话是对非图书俱乐部会员这一部分的介绍,同时也引出了三个小部分.College staff bought 332 magazines, 44 fiction and 29 non-fiction books. 这一句是描述了College staff的购写量,注意,它介绍数据的时候用到了前面说的第三个原则,按照从大到小的逻辑顺序来介绍数据.

College students bought 1249 magazines, 194 non-fiction and 31 fiction books. More magazines were sold to college students than to any other group of customers.

本句仍然按照从大到小的逻辑顺序,但最后一句话体现了原则二,四,介绍了极值,并与其他数据进行了比较.

Although no fiction books were sold to members of the public, they purchased 122 non-fiction books and 82 magazines.

本句前段介绍了一下特殊概念,只有这点是没有数字的,后面依然按照从大到小的顺序介绍数据.

Books Club members bought more fiction (76) and non-fiction books (942) than other customers. On the other hand, magazine sales to Club members (33) were fewer than to any other type of customer.

本段一共有两句话,前一句与其他数据进行了比较,而后一句重点提到了极值.

The total number of publications sold for the month was 3134 (1474 to college students, 405 to staff, 204 to the public, and 1051 to Book Club members). Of this figure, 151 items were diction bocks and 1287 were non-fiction. Therefore, magazines accounted for the greatest number of sales (1696).

最后一段是对于整个表格的概括,写出了总数,最后一句仍然体现了原则二,四,与其他数据比较并提及极值.

通过上面的分析可以看出,一篇好的小作文应该如何去想,如何去写,除了文章要有一定结构,要按一定的逻辑顺序叙述外,还要在每一段,每一句话都反映出四大原则,这样才是一篇描述细致,完全的文章,同时也是一篇能得到高分的小作文.