本站原创【摘 要 】 定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点和难点,也是历年毕业会考和高考的必考内容. 综合分析多年高考在此方面考查的试题,总结定语从句的易错点.如何选择关系词,如何区分定语从句及其它从句.
【关 键 词 】 定语从句 关系副词 关系代词 其它从句
【中图分类号】 G424 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1006-5962(2012)03(b)-0157-01
1 选择关系副词或关系代词时,要看先行词在定语从句中是用作什么成分,若是用作状语,则用关系副词,若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)就要用关系代词
不要一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用关系副词.相反,先行词不是表示时间、地点的名词也可能会用关系副词.比较以下句子:
1.This is the factory where I want to work. (work为不及物动词,where代替先行词在从句中用作状语)
This is the factory that/which I want to work in.(that/which代替先行词在从句中用作介词in的宾语)
2.I shall never fet the day when we moved into our new house.(when代替先行词 在定语从句中用作状语)
I shall never fet the day that we spent together.(that代替先行词在定语从句中用作宾语)
3.Whatever is left over be put into the refrigerator where it will keep for two or three weeks.(2011安徽卷)(where代替先行词在定语从句中用作状语)
2.在定语从句中不能重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词.如:
—This is the book that I he read _____ dozens of times.
—But I he never read ______.
本题第二句填代词 it, 这容易理解.而第一句不能填 it,因为它已有关系代词that(也可省略)代替.对比以下例句:
1.我们昨晚看的电影很精彩.
误:The film we saw it last night was wonderful.
正:The film we saw last night was wonderful.
3.当先行词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须在数上与之保持一致
1.The girl has put all the pictures in a box, which look pretty.(先行词pictures在从句中作主语,从句的谓语用复数形式)
2.He is one of the doctors in the hospital who he two cars.
He is the only one of the doctors in the hospital who has two cars.( 在“one of +名词”结构中,通常名词是先行词,但在one前加the only,则one是先行词,故句子谓语用has.)
4.要分辨清是定语从句还是其他从句.
1.分清定语从句与并列句 如:
(1)He has two children, and both of them are abroad.
(2)He has two children, both of whom are abroad.
第(1)题中用了并列连词and,整个句子为并列句,第(2)题没有并列连词both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句.
2.分清定语从句与强调句型 例如:
(1)It was last night that the terrible fire broke out.
(2)It was 9:00 when the terrible fire broke out.
第(1)题是强调句型,第(2)题是定语从句.
3.分清定语从句与名次从句 如:
As is known to all,China is a developing country.(定语从句)
It is known to all that China is a developing country.(名词从句)
What is known to all is that China is a developing country.(名词从句)
4.看清主句全不全
(1)Is this the book ____ you want to buy
(2)Is this book _____ you want to buy 第(1)句填 that, 用以引导定语从句.第(2)句填the one, 用作表语,其后的 (that) you want to buy是用以修饰the one 的定语从句.
5.先行词可能与定语从句隔开,要找准先行词 例如:
1.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to others_of course make all the others upset.(先行词不是others而是前面的整个主句)
2.His brother has turned doctor, which he didn't intend to be.(先行词不是指人,而是一种职业)