大作文写作

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2007中考英语作文-记叙文记叙文是记人叙事的文章,它主要是用于说明事件的时间,背景,起因,过程及结果,即我们通常所说的五个"W"(what,who,when,where,why)和一个"H"(how).记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写",因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚,描写生动形象.下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领.

一、记叙文的特点

1.叙述的人称

英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的.用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见,亲耳所闻的经历.它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者,使人读后感到真实可信,如身临其境.如:

Theotherday,Iwasdrivingalongthestreet.Suddenly,acarlostitscontrolandrandirectlytowardefast.IwassofrightenedthatIquicklyturnedtotheleftside.Butitwastoolate.ThecarhitmybikeandIfelloffit.

用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强.如:

LittleTomwasgoingtoschoolwithanumbrella,foritwasraininghard.Ontheway,hesawanoldwomanwalkingintherainwithnothingtocover.Tomwentuptotheoldwomanandwantedtosharetheumbrellawithher,buthewastooshort.WhatcouldhedoThenhehadagoodidea.

2.动词的时态

在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词.所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化.记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的,这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处.英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记,所叙有鲜活的动态感,鲜明的层次感和立体感.


3.叙述的顺序

记叙一件事要有一定的顺序.无论是顺叙,倒叙,插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉.顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索.但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味.倒叙,插叙,补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中.但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云.

4.叙述的过渡

过渡在上下文中起着承上启下,融会贯通的作用.过渡往往用在地点转移或时间,事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时.如:

Inmysummerholidays,Ididalotofthings.Apartformdoingmyhomework,readinganEnglishnovel,watchingTVanddoingsomehousework,IwentonatriptoQingdao.Itisreallyabeautifulcity.Therearemanyplacesofinteresttosee.Butwhatimpressedmemostwasthesunrise.

ThenextmorningIgotupearly.Iwasveryhappybecauseitwasafineday.BythetimeIgottothebeach,thecloudsonthehorizonwereturningred.Inalittlewhile,aallpartofthesunwasgraduallyappearing.Thesunwasveryred,notshining.Itroseslowly.Atlastitbrokethroughtheredcloudsandjumpedabovethesea,justlikeadeep-redball.Atthesametimethecloudsandtheseawaterbecameredandbright.

Whatamovingandunfettablescene!

5.叙述与对话

引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法.适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格,品质和心理状态,使记叙生动,有趣,使文章内容更加充实,具体.试比较下面两段的叙述效果:

Iwasinthekitchen,andIwascookingsomething.SuddenlyIheardaloudnoisefromthefront.Ithoubesomeonewasknockingthedoor.IaskedwhoitwasbutIheardnoreply.AfterawhileIsawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor.Irealizeditwasthecat.Ifeltreleased.

这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了.原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把"悬念"给冲淡了.可作如下调整:

Iwasinthekitchencookingsomething."Crash!"aloudnoisecamefromthefront.Thinkingsomeonewasknockingatthedoor,Iasked,"Who"Noreply.Afterawhile,Isawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor."It'syou."Isaid,quitereleased.

二、写好记叙文的基本要领

1.头绪分明,脉络清楚

写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么.要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生,发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材.这些素材都应该跟上述五个"W"和一个"H"有关.尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些"W"和"H",但动笔之前,围绕五个"W"和"H"进行构思是必不可少的.

2.突出中心,详略得当

在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的.选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略.要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节.面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领.这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧.如:

Onenightamancametoourhouseandtoldme,"Thereisafamilywitheightchildren.Theyhenoteatenfordays."Itooksomefoodwithmeandwent.

WhenIfinallycametothatfamily,Isawthefacesofthoselittlechildrendiigured(破坏外貌)byhunger.Therewasnosorroworsadnessintheirfaces,justthedeeppainofhunger.

Igethericetothemother.Shedividedthericeintwo,andwentout,carryinghalftherice.Whenshecameback,Iaskedher,"Wheredidyougo"shegemethissimpleanswer,"Tomyneighbors—theyarehungryalso!"

3.用活语言,准确生动

记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人,事,物加以叙述.一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确,生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人,事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强.试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果.

原文:

OnedayXiaowaswanderingaway.Hewassoonlostamongpeopleandtraffic.Hecouldnotfindthewaybackhomeandstartedcrying.Justthen,twoyoungstudentswhowerepassingbyfoundhimstandingaloneinfrontofashopandcrying.TheywentuptoXiaoandaskedhimwhathadhappened.Xiaotoldthemhowhegotlostandwherehelived.Thetwostudentsdecidedtotakehimhome.MotherwaspleasedtoseeXiaoebacksafeandsound.Sheinvitedthetwostudentsintothehouseandgethemsomemoney,buttheydidn'ttakeit.Sheservedthemwithteabuttheyleft.

修改后:

Theotherday,five-year-oldXiaolefthomealoneandwanderedhappilyinthestreet.Aftersometime,hefelthungrysohewantedtogobackhome.Buthefoundhewaslostamongthecrowdedpeopleandheytraffic.Whenhecouldnotfindthewayhome,hestartedandcrying.Justthen,twoyoungstudentswhowerepassingbyfromschoolfoundhimsandingcryinginfrontofashop.Theyimmediatelywentuptohim.

"Littleboy,whyareyoustandingherecrying"theyasked.

"IwantMom,Igohome."saidtheboy,stillcrying.

"Don'tworry,we'llsendyouhome."

Andtheyspentthenexttwohourslookingfortheboy'shouse.Withthehelpofapoliceman,theyfinallyfoundit.

Whentheworriedmothersawhersonebacksafeandsound,shewassothankfulandsheinvitedthestudentsintoherhouse.Gratefully,sheofferedthemsomemoney,sayingitwasawaytoexpressherthanks,buttheyoungstudentirmlyrefuseditandleftwithoutevenacupoftea.