北京市高等教育自学考试
综合英语(四)自学考试大纲(试行)
课程名称:综合英语(四)课程代码:036842016年8月版
目录
课程的性质和设置目的
课程的基本内容
课程的基本要求
考试说明
学习方法
社会助学
教材及参考书目
样卷
试题答案
十,评分标准
十一,录音稿
附表一语法项目表
附表二常用前缀和后缀
附表三词汇表
附表四词组表
课程的性质和设置目的
本课程的名称为"综合英语(四)",它是高等教育自学考试部分专业本科阶段的公共基础课,适用于完成了中学阶段英语课程的自学考试者.
本课程的目的是培养自学者英语综合应用能力,使他们能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识语言技能,做到具有一定的听,说,读,写的能力和英译汉能力,使他们在今后的工作和社会交往中能用英语作为工具,有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流,同时增强自主学习能力,提高综合文化素养,以适应新时代的发展的需要.
本课程共10学分.
课程的基本内容
本课程要求学生系统掌握英语语法知识(见附表一,二)和英语单词3800个左右(见附表三,词汇表中标有﹡的词汇为超词汇)以及词组750个左右(见附表四),阅读量为50000余词.
本课程的主要目的是培养学生具有应用英语的基本功和交际能力,重点是英语听,说,读,写,译等五种语言技能的应用能力.
课程的基本要求
(一)说(语音),
1.能比较流利地跟读词句(或短文),
2.能根据一般性日常话题进行交流,
3.能就课文回答问题和根据简单的情景进行简单对话或陈述,语音语调基本正确,表达基本准确恰当,自然流利.
(二)听力理解
1.能听懂一般场合下有关各种日常话题的对话或和一般性题材的讲座,
2.能基本听懂慢速英语节目,语速为每分钟120个单词左右,
3.能掌握听力材料的中心大意,抓住重点,
4.能听懂细节信息,能根据所听到信息进行简单推断和归纳.
(三)词汇和语法
1.词汇:
(1)认知范围:3800个基本词汇以及由这些词构成的常用词组.
(2)认知程度:能流利读出,语音基本正确,
能识别词语的语法特征,
了解基本的构词规则并根据常用前缀,后缀的意义判断词性和词义,
了解词义并进行英汉互译.
2.语法:
(1)认知范围:"语法项目表"所规定的全部内容.
(2)认知程度:熟练掌握词形变化规则,
了解基本的英语语法规则,掌握各个词类,句子成分,简单句,复合句的概念,词和词组在句中的作用,词组,分句和句子的结构,并在听,说,读,写,译中能正确运用.
(四)阅读
1.能读懂与指定教材后期课文难易程度相当的一般性材料,生词不超过所读材料词数的3%,速度达每分钟50个词,理解基本正确,
2.能基本读懂一般性英文材料,掌握中心意思,理解主要事实和有关细节,
3.能读懂工作,生活中常见的应用文体材料.
(五)翻译
1.能在阅读理解的基础上将材料译成汉语,译文基本正确,文字通顺,
2.能把结构不太复杂,由常用词构成的汉语句子译成英语,译文基本正确,
3.能在翻译时使用基本的翻译技巧.
(六)写作
1.根据写作题目要求,能理解所列出应用文的语言情境,能够运用相关的语言知识完成100—120词的一篇短文,
2.写作内容基本完整,用词恰当,语意连贯.
考试说明
本课程自学考试命题的广度和难度根据本考试大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定.
本考试在计算机辅助的多媒体环境下进行,考试时间为100分钟.试题分量以达标水平的考生能在规定的时间内答完全部试题,有适量时间检查答案为度.
卷面分数为100分,以百分制计分,60分为及格.
试题全部设计为计算机辅助多媒体环境下的客观性试题和主观性试题,分别占卷面总分的75%和25%.
试题题型包括听说跟读,语法结构和词汇,阅读理解的单项选择与填空形式,汉译英(短语或语法结构)和一般性应用文写作等.现对每种题型的要求分别说明如下:
(一)口语
口语测试时限为10分钟(含自我介绍,热身活动以及退场的时间),本部分占试卷总分10%.题型为:
1.口语:(1)跟读词句(或短文):该部分由词组和单句两项内容组成.主要测试考生的语音,语调以及流利程度.考生在示范朗读声结束后完成模仿跟读.共8题,其中,第1-5题为词组,第6-8题为句子,
(2)交互问答:该部分由提问和完成对话两个部分组成.主要考查考生就交际话题提出问题或给予回应的能力.考生在视听一段实用性涉外交际活动文字后,完成提问和完成对话.共6题,其中,第9-11题为根据提示选出恰当问题并提问,第12-14题为根据所听到的内容完成对话,
(3)简单描述(或陈述):主要考查考生用英语进行连贯口头表达的能力.考生就一幅(或几幅)图片,照片或图表完成相关描述(陈述).共1题(即第15题).
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕和视听文字提示完成该部分作答.在口语测试中,考生通过话筒实时将自己的声音录制到考试系统中.
(二)听力
听力部分有三部分组成,分别是填空听写,听力理解和短文理解,听力测试时限为20分钟.本部分占试卷总分的20%,题型为:
1.听力:
(1)填空听写:主要考查考生的辨音,辩义,辨形以及对语篇关 键 词的准确听写与记录的能力.考生在听完语篇后(播放三遍),完成英文单词的选择和计算机输入,
(2)听力理解:该部分由短对话和长对话"两部分组成.主要考查考生听懂对话节选的主旨大意,细节辨别,并准确分析和判断信息的能力.考生在听完对话后(播放一遍),完成相关信息的选择,
(3)短文理解:主要考查考生听懂短文主要信息,重要细节和根据所听到信息进行简单推段或归纳的能力.考生在听完短文后(播放一遍),完成相关信息的选择.
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕和视听文字提示完成该部分作答.在听力测试中,考试计算机键盘(鼠标)操作,将答案输入考试系统中.
(三)语法结构与词汇
1.语法结构
本题的重点是考生对词型转换,限定词,介词,连词和从句,动词的时态,语态,虚拟语气,一致关系,倒装语序,非谓语动词形式,形容词和副词的比较级,最高级等语法的掌握情况.
2.词汇
英语词汇的用法(主要为词的搭配,惯用语)的掌握情况.
本部分由两节组成:第一节为15道单选题,所占比重15%,要求考生在读懂句的基础上,从给出的4个选项中找出唯一的正确答案,第二节为5个单项填空,所占比重10%,要求考生在读懂句子的基础上,从给出的10个短语或词汇中找出唯一的正确答案.本部分总分值为25%.
本题的目的是考查英语知识及其运用的准确性,内容涉及各个语法项目和一些常用词的用法.
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕文字提示,使用键盘点入选择答案的方式,完成该部分试题内容.
(四)阅读
能读懂与指定教材课文难易程度相当的一般性材料,生词不超过所读材料总词数的3%,阅读速度应该达到每分钟50个词,理解基本正确.
阅读
本题目是考查考生的阅读理解能力.要求考生在阅读完短文之后能从各题选项中找出正确答案.所考查的阅读理解技能包括:文章主题思想和大意,作者的态度和写作意图,句子表达中的细节问题和内在联系,对句子和文章含意的判断和推理,根据上下文猜词的能力等.
本题由两篇短文构成.短文的难度相当于指定教材后半部分的课文.短文中可有3%的超出教材词汇表和大纲词汇附表的生词,个别关键超纲词汇影响理解时,试卷中将用汉语注出词义.
第一篇和第二篇阅读短文后为10道单选题,所占比重20%,要求考生在读懂文章的基础上,从给出的4个选项中找出唯一的正确答案.
本部分考试时间为20分钟,分值为20%.
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕文字提示,使用键盘点入选择答案的方式,完成该部分试题内容.
(五)翻译
翻译为汉译英,分值为10%.
汉译英
本题用来考查考生的主动运用所学语言的能力,要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语.翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯,要求用词准确.该部分共5个句子,一句一题,分值为10%.
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕文字提示,使用键盘录入译文.
(六)写作
考查考生运用英语语进行简单书面表达的能力.考生根据任务要求完成一篇100—120词的应用文,如邀请函,信件等.题材主要涉及会议,旅游,参观等.作文应体现应用文写作的基本格式和要求,词汇和句法运用正确得体,语意连贯.
该部分考试时间为25分钟,分值为15%.
答题方法:考生根据计算机屏幕文字提示,使用键盘录入作文.
高等教育自学考试综合英语(四)口语,听力,笔试试卷结构图
部分节为考生提供的信息指导语语言考察要点题型题目
数量计分时间
(分钟)PartI:
口语
第一节短语,句子,
英文语音,语调以及流利程度词组跟读52.51.5分钟句子跟读31.51.5分钟第二节短文和对话英文语言交际问和答633分钟第三节图片英文英语口语表达陈述和描述134分钟PartII:
听力
第一节一篇短文(100词左右)
(放三遍录音)英文具体信息填空听写555分钟第二节短对话(放一遍录音)英文总体/具体信
息听力理解5510分钟长对话(放一遍录音)55第三节一篇短文(200词左右)
(放一遍录音)英文主要信息听力理解555分钟PartIII:词汇与语法结构第一节语法词汇与结构英文词汇,语法,结构
单项选择题(四选一)1515第二节句子填空英文词汇理解选词填空510PartIV:阅读理解两篇阅读文章英文阅读理解单项选择题(四选一)1020PartV:
翻译完成句子翻译英文汉译英能力完成句子510PartVI:
写作根据任务信息完成一篇应用文英文信函或应用文写作的基本格式和要求信函或应用文写作115总计71100
学习方法
(一)要了解英语学习的特点
1.技能培养
学习英语主要是学习一种技能,这与学习许多其他学科,如数学,经济,哲学等有所不同.学英语不仅要求掌握必要的英语知识(如语音,词汇,语法)和相关的文化知识,而且要具有运用这些知识的能力和技巧.学习英语不仅要理解,更要记忆和运用.英语学习的整个过程贯穿着训练和技能的培养.
2.记忆
记忆量大是英语学习的另一个特点.其实,学习任何语言有大量的材料和规则要记,但记忆带来的负担对学外语和学本族语却大不一样.我们从小就接触本族语,在本族语的环境中长大,每个人都好像有一种学习本族语的天赋,自然地很快就学会了听和说.经过几年的小学教育,读和写的能力发展也很快.把英语作为外语来学则很不一样,有大量的语音规则,语法规则和词汇需要我们专门去记忆和运用.尤其令人困难的是记忆词汇,它们在学习初期有很大的任意性,而且彼此之间常常缺乏联系,需要一个词一个词地去记忆.
3.遗忘
遗忘可能是最让外语学习者苦恼的事情.有的人多次反复学习外语,每次几乎都从头学起,遗忘恐怕是一个主要原因.
心理学告诉我们,遗忘有两种.一种是记忆痕迹的衰减,消失或失真.也就是说,有关信息不再储存在大脑的记忆系统里,或者虽然还储存在那里,但已经面目全非.防止记忆痕迹衰减或失真的方法有很多,但最有效的是经常使用该信息,使其逐步趋于稳定,永久储存在长时记忆中.这个过程叫巩固.外语学习中,我们强调及时复习,经常运用,使记忆的信息得到巩固,其意义就在于此.
另一种遗忘是信息虽然储存在记忆系统中,但一时提取不出来.有时我们想不起来已经学过的某个单词,但过些时候,在某个情景下又能回忆起来.这说明记忆痕迹并未消失,只是没有合适的线索提取.这个问题在最初记忆时就应该解决.也就是说,在学习某一内容的时候,应当很好地组织,使学习内容之间建立联系,形成网络,增加检索信息的线索.
4.持续性
持续性是学习英语的第四个特点.它有两层意思.一是英语学习各阶段之间有密切联系,二是英语学习达不到一定的深度和熟练程度不能中断,否则将前功尽弃.要达到考试大纲规定的目标,自考生需要的时间一般比在学校学习的学生会更长一些.只有坚持不懈,刻苦拼搏,才能学好这门课程.
(二)要有明确的,合理的学习目标和学习计划
自学者的学习在组织安排上与在校生有很大的不同:在校生是按照学校制定的教学计划,教学进度和教学要求学习的,带有一定的强制性.自学者则不然,几乎一切都要靠他们自己决定和安排,更依靠自我培养和自我控制.
学习公共英语课,一定要根据自己的实际情况确定学习目标和制定学习计划.首先要确定学完这门课程的目标时间,然后再把时间分解,制定出具体的进度计划.要定期检查计划的执行情况,总结成绩,发现问题,并进行必要调整.确定的目标和制定的计划应该是通过努力可以达到的,但又要留有适当的余地,过高或者过低都不利于语言学习.
(三)要学好教材
考生应把主要精力放在北京高等教育自学考试指导委员会制定的综合英语(四)考试大纲和指定的综合英语(四)统一教材的学习上,考生应制定适应于自己的学习计划,在老师的指导下认真学习考试中心所制定的教材,掌握教材的基本知识,做到举一反三,融会贯通,就会起到事半功倍的效果.
(四)发展读,听,说,译,写五种语言技能和妥善处理它们之间的关系
非英语专业的学生学习英语的基本目的是将来能通过听说读写译去获取或传播有用的信息.因此,在英语学习中努力掌握听,说,读,写,译这五种语言技能,学生在平时学习中首先注意多听,多说,多读,培养英语语感,达到听,说,读,写,译能力的均衡发展.
第一,应该正确理解"读"的技能.读包括阅读和朗读.自学者应特别注意朗读的重要性.要努力做到正确和流利地朗读单词,句子和课文.这对准确,熟练地掌握英语,提高学习的效率和兴趣以及以后发展说的能力都非常重要.要真正把课文读懂.不仅要弄清语法关系和字面意义,还要理解其蕴含意义,不仅要弄清单句的意义,还要明白段落和整篇文章的意义.现在流行的单项选择法是检查阅读理解的诸多方法中的一种,不是唯一的方法.不能简单机械地认为,十个题中答对七个就是理解了百分之七十.不要把检查的方法当成学习的方法和目标.
第二,要训练自己的听力.可以听课文英文录音或者其他录音材料.听力训练不仅培养听力,而且也有助于牢固地掌握英语单词和句型.培养听力的时候可以采用跟读的方法,把听和读的技能训练结合起来.
第三,重视汉译英的练习.自学者现在还缺乏写作训练的指导条件,因此建议多做一些汉译英的练习.教材中的汉译英练习必须全做.教材中的重点词和语法例句都有汉语译文,可以从中选择一些汉语句子译成英文,然后与教材上的英文原文句子进行比较,自己发现和改正错误.
(五)正确处理学习词汇,语法和课文的关系
记忆生词可能是自学英语者的最大困难,不下苦功夫就过不了词汇关.可以专门背诵生词,但不能只靠背单词表来记单词,因为孤立地记生词很容易遗忘,即使记住了也不会用.要把专门背诵生词和学习课文结合起来,并以学习课文为主.此外,还应学习一些构词知识并且在记忆单词时运用这些知识,这对记忆派生词和合成词十分有用.
词汇有读音,拼写,意义,语法形式和用法几个方面,这几个方面都应注意.记单词的时候,默读和朗读的方法都要采用并辅之以写(抄写,默写),即所谓"心到,眼到,口到,手到".词义和词类是密切联系的,记单词时也应把它们结合起来.英汉词典或教材生词表上给出的汉语词义多是些典型的翻译方法,深入理解词义还要通过学习课文.
词的用法涉及语义,语法,修辞等许多方面.我们学习英语词汇用法主要指的是学习某些常用词的基本词义和搭配,这也要和学习课文结合起来.
语法是用词造句的规则,掌握了语法才能正确地理解和运用语言.学习语法首先要弄清语法项目的概念,即了解它的构成形式,意义,功能和在语法体系中的地位.但仅仅理解是不够的,还要记住必要的变化规则和使用规则,并能运用它们.教材中的语法练习必须全做.此外,要结合课文学习语法,这样才能把语法学得活,学得牢,,培养出综合运用语法的能力.
总之,只要考生目标明确,持之以恒,以考试大纲为依据,以规定教材为主要学习材料,不断摸索学习经验和体会,及时解决学习中的问题,知难而进,锲而不舍,一定会收到事半功倍的效果.
六、社会助学
"综合英语(四)"是一门实践性很强的课程,完全通过自学去达到大纲的要求对考生是比较困难的.因此,有一定的社会助学是十分必要的.在进行社会助学时,要特别注意基本技能的训练,在听,说,读(朗读和阅读),写,译等方面给考生以切实的帮助,加以认真的指导,使他们能比较熟练地掌握英语的基础知识.为达到此目的,课上应给考生充分的练习机会,并在课上检查学生对语言知识的掌握情况,形成师生互动学习英语的新局面.课下要让他们完成必要的书面作业和口头作业,切忌把英语课上成教师一人独自活动的知识传授课.
此外,要加强培养学生上机操作的技能,以适应本门课程的计算机考试方式.
教材及参考书目
(一)指定教材
《新通用大学英语》综合教程一,高等教育出版社,2007年版,
《新通用大学英语》综合教程二,高等教育出版社,2007年版,
《新通用大学英语》综合教程三,高等教育出版社,2007年版.
(二)辅助书目
《新通用大学英语》综合技能训练一,高等教育出版社,2007年版,
《新通用大学英语》教学参考书一
《新通用大学英语》综合技能训练二,高等教育出版社,2007年版,
《新通用大学英语》教学参考书二
《新通用大学英语》综合技能训练三,高等教育出版社,2007年版.
《新通用大学英语》教学参考书三
(三)推荐参考书目
《英语语法手册》(修订第四版),薄冰,赵德鑫主编,高等教育出版社,1994年版,
《实用英语语法》(修订重印本),张道真编着,外语教学与研究出版社,1995年版,
《新英汉词典》(增补本),上海译文出版社,1985年版,
《朗文现代英汉双解词典),现代出版社,1988年版.
样卷
PartI.Speaking(10minutesand10points)
Warm-upquestions
Pleasereadyourfullnameandyourregistrationnumbertothemicrophoneloudlywhenyouseeorheartheprompt.[Promptfromthesystem]
10secondoryourregistration→
Now,herearesomewarm-upquestions.
Task:
Afteryouheareachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepauseyoushouldgiveyouranswer.
Youshouldbegintoanswerthequestiononhearingasignalandstopatanendingsignal.
Nowpleaselistentothequestions.
Question1:[Pleaselisten!]
What'syourhobby
10secondoryouranswer→
Question2:[Pleaselisten!]
Whatdoyoulikeaboutyourhobby
10secondoryouranswer→
Question3:[Pleaselisten!]
Ifyouheafreehourintheafternoon,howwouldyouliketospendit
10secondoryouranswer→
ThisistheendofWarm-upquestions.
SectionAReadingAloud(3minutes)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearfivephrasesandthreesentences.
Task:
Youarerequiredtoreadaloudeachphraseorsentenceafterthespeaker.
Yourvoicewillberecordedintothesystem.
Youarerequiredtoreadaloudwhenhearingthebeginningsignalandstopbeforethespeakerstartsreadingthenextphraseorsentence.
每道小题请在听到提示音""后开始录音.
1.Phrase1:[Pleaselisten!]
Theworldfinancialcenter
10secondoryourloudreading→
2.Phrase2:[Pleaselisten!]
Agrandweddingceremony
10secondoryourloudreading→
3.Phrase3:[Pleaselisten!]
Disposableshoppingbags
10secondoryourloudreading→
4.Phrase4:[Pleaselisten!]
Thedamagedcausedbyanearthquake
10secondoryourloudreading→
5.Phrase5:[Pleaselisten!]
Geicallyengineeredcornsandpotatoes
10secondoryourloudreading→
6.Sentence1:[Pleaselisten!]
Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy.
20secondoryourloudreading→
7.Sentence2:[Pleaselisten!]
Oneofthebiggestproblemspeoplehetodayislackofactivity.
20secondoryourloudreading→
8.Sentence3:[Pleaselisten!]
Inthemostseverelyfloodedareas,familiesarestillnotabletoreturnhome.
20secondoryourloudreading→
ThisistheendofSectionA.
SectionBQuestionsandAnswers(3minutes)
Now,pleasesilentlyreadtheprompts
1minuteforyoursilentreading→
9.Question1:
A.WillIbeallowedtoworkathomeofficeB.Howdopeoplegotowork
C.Whereisthemanager'sofficeD.HowmanyworkplacesdoIhe
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryourquestion→
[Timingends]
10.Question2:
A.Howmanypeoplecanheabachelor'sdegreeB.DoIheachancetobepromoted
C.IsacollegedegreerequiredD.WhencanIbepromoted
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryourquestion→
[Timingends]
11.Question3:
A.HowmuchdoesthesaleanagerearnB.What'stheeragesalaryforthisposition
C.HowmuchdoesthepanysependonadsD.HowcanIhemorethan40,000ayear
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryourquestion→
[Timingends]
Next,youwillhearagappedconversationbetweenChuckandMs.Smith.
Task:
Beforeyoulistentotheconversation,you'llhe30secondstoreadthroughthescriptshownonthescreen(asisshownbelow).
Whilelisteningtotheconversationyouarerequiredtopletetheblankswithwhatyouhear.
Youwillhe10secondstorecordthemissingwordsineachblankintothesystem.
Now,pleasesilentlyreadthescript.[Timingbegins]
Chuck:Hello,isthatHolibyteSoftware
Ms.Smith:Yes.
Chuck:Isawthejobadsonyourwebsite.Aretheystillailable
Ms.Smith:Yes.Whichpositionareyouinterestedin
Chuck:I'minterestedincustomermaintenance.I'vesentyoumyresume.
Ms.Smith:Well,letmesee.MayIheyourname,please
Chuck:ChuckHill,thankyou.
Ms.Smith:Yes,it'sinmymailbox.Ok,thenwe'llcontactyouinafewdays.
Chuck:Manythanks.Bye-bye.
Hereisthegappedconversationrecording.Remembertochoosewhatyouhearfromthechoicesgivenandspeakoutthemissingsentencesafteryouhearthesignal.
A.Yes,it'sinmymailbox.Ok,thenwe'llcontactyouinafewdays.
B.Yes.Whichpositionareyouinterestedin
C.Well,letmesee.MayIheyourname,please
Chuck:Hello,isthatHolibyteSoftware
Ms.Smith:Yes.
Chuck:Isawthejobadsonyourwebsite.Aretheystillailable
Candidate(MS.Smith):
12.Blank1:_______________________________________
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryouranswer→
[Timingends]
Chuck:I'minterestedincustomermaintenance.I'vesentyoumyresume.
Candidate(MS.Smith):
13.Blank2:_____________________________________
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryouranswer→
[Timingends]
Chuck:ChuckHill,thankyou.
Candidate(MS.Smith):
14.Blank3:_____________________________________
[Timingbegins]
10secondoryouranswer→
[Timingends]
Chuck:Manythanks.Bye-bye.
[Timingends]
ThisistheendofSectionB.
SectionCPresentation(3minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,apictureisshownontheputerscreen(asisshownbelow).
Task:
Youarerequiredtodescribethepictureandthentalkaboutthekeytoasuccesulspeechataconference.
Youwillhe1minutetoprepareand2minutestodothepresentation.
Yourvoicewillberecordedintothesystem.
Remembertostartyourpresentationwhenyouhearthesignal.
Now,youhe1minutetoprepare.[Timingbegins]
15.Presentation
1minuteforyourpreparation→
[Timingends]
[Timingbegins]
2minuteoryourpresentation→
[Timingends]
ThisistheendofSectionC.
PartII.ListeningComprehension(0minutesand20points)
SectionAWordDictation
Directions:
Listentothepassageandtypeinthemissingwordineachblank.You'llhearthepassageTHREETIMES.
positionplaceallowconcernedconsidered
munitieunicatedsupplysupport
SectionBUnderstandingDialoguesandConversations
Directions:
Listentofiveshortdialogues.Aftereachdialogue,there'llbeaquestion.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.YouwilllistentoeachdialogueONCEonly.
21.A.Shedoesn'tlikeItalianfood.
B.Shehassomeworktodo.
C.Shethinkstherestaurantistoofar.
D.Shewillgowiththeman.
22.A.Sheshouldgethercarchecked.
B.Sheshouldchangetheoutlookofhercar.
C.SheshouldflytoTibet.
D.Thecarlooksbetterthanitwas.
23.A.Yesterdayafternoon.
B.Thisafternoon.
C.Tomorrowmorning.
D.Thewomandoesn'tknow.
24.A.Watchingthebullfightsisthelastoneinherschedule.
B.She'lldefinitelynotdoso.
C.Sheadmiresthebullfighters.
D.Shethinksthatbullfightsareexciting.
25.A.Hiothermakesbetterpuddings.
B.Thepuddingtastesverygood.
C.Hiotherlikespuddings.
D.Hiothercannotmakepuddings.
ListentotwoconversationsONCE.Aftereachconversation,there'llbetwoorthreequestions.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.
Conversation1
26.Whatfoodhasthewomanordered
A.Beefsteakandrice.
B.Chickenfriedsteakandrice.
C.Friedfishandbread.
D.Porkandfriedpotatoes.
27.Whatdrinkhasthewomanfinallychosen
A.AallSprite.
B.AmediumSprite.
C.AlargeSprite.
D.AnextralargeSprite.
Conversation2
28.Whatdoesthewomando
A.Ateacher.B.Asalean.
C.Amanager.D.Asecretary.
29.Whydoesn'tthemanlistentothewoman'sintroduction
A.Hehaslotsofthingstodowith.
B.Thewomandidn'tmakeanappointmentinadvance.
C.Hehasonlyfiveminutesleftforthemeeting.
D.Hewillinspecthisnewshowroom.
30.Whenwillthewomanmeettheman
A.Thisafternoon.B.Tomorrowafternoon.
C.Thedayaftertomorrow.D.Thedaybeforeyesterday.
SectionCUnderstandingthePassage
Directions:
Listentothefollowingpassage,andthenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.YouwillheartherecordingonlyONCE.
31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanexampleoffashion
A.English.
B.Mathematics.
C.Clothes.
D.Computerprogramwriting.
32.Accordingtothepassage,whenwillafashiontrendstart
A.Whenmostpeoplebegintolikesomethingnew.
B.Whenimportantpeoplebegintowearsomethingnewordifferent.
C.Whensomethingdifferentisintroducedfromabroad.
D.Whensomethinginthepastattractsthepublicattention.
33.Whatisthemainfeatureoffashion
A.Satiyingtheyoung.
B.Overlookingtheold.
C.Beauty.
D.Change.
34.Whyaresomepeopleagainstfashion
A.Becausetheydon'tlikespendingmoneyonclothes.
B.Becausetheydon'tlikechange.
C.Becausetheyenjoyvariety.
D.Becauseitcauseswaste.
35.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
A.Thesocialandeconomicroleoffashion.
B.Thedefinitionandevolutionoffashion.
C.Thefunctionsandcharacteristicsoffashion.
D.Theconstantchangesoffashion.
PartIII.VocabularyandStructure(25points)
SectionA
Directions:FillintheblankswiththebestanswerfromthechoicearkedA,B,CandD.
36.Forthousandsofyearandreamed______seemedimpossibleaboutflying.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why
37._____________,Iwenthomeveryhappy.
A.FinishedshoppingB.Hingfinishedshopping
C.FinishingshoppingD.Shoppingtobefinished
38.__________difficultitmaybe,wearesuretosticktoourprinciple.
A.HowB.NomatterhowC.WhatD.Nomatterwhat
39.Thechildrenwere________tothecountrywhenthecitywasbeingbombed.
A.sentB.keptC.evacuatedD.remained
40.MysonlikeswatchingTV_____tothecinema.
A.morethantogoB.thangoing
C.morethangoingD.ratherthantogo
41.Hefeltanenormoussenseof______whenhethoughtabouthowhehadtreatedhiother.
A.sorryB.sorenessC.guiltD.guilty
42.Themoviebroughtthehoursbacktome______IwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillageduringtheCivilWar.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when
43.Mr.Smith________tohemetthepresident,butIdonotbelievehim.
A.claimedB.announcedC.remarkedD.declared
44.Thestudentsaretold____themachineswhenleingthelaboratory.
A.notstopB.don'tstopC.tostopnotD.nottostop
45.Getthehouse_________assoonaspossibleorthebosswillgetangrywithyou.
A.paintedB.topaintC.paintingD.tobepainted
46.Whenever_______,suchfactsshouldbereportedatonce.
A.knownB.knowingC.toknowD.beenknown
47.Anumberoftallbuildings______inmyhometowninthelastfiveyears.
A.hasbeensetupB.hebeensetupC.weresetupD.wassetup
48.Hehas_____thearmyfortenyearsandisnowanofficer.
A.goneintoB.joinedinC.beeninD.einto
.Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearth__________well.
A.wouldnotgrowB.willnotgrow
C.hadnotgrownD.wouldnotbegrown
.Onlyrecently___________todealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.
A.somethinghasdoneB.hassomethingdone
C.hassomethingbeendoneD.somethinghasbeendone
SectionB
FillintheBlanks
Directions:Completethefollowingsentenceswiththephrasesandexpressionsgiven.NotethateachcanonlybeusedONCEonly.
A.inparisontoB.beboundtoC.patientwithD.putupwithE.adaptF.adoptG.forthemostpartH.sortofI.suddenlyJ.eventually
51.ThetallbuildingsinSydneyareall________thoseinNewYork.
52.Thedoctorsandnursesarevery________thewoundedfromtheearthquake-hitareas.
53.Astheyhenotachildoftheirown,theyaregoingto______alittlegirl.
54.Theweatherthionthhasbeengood__________,thoughthereisalittlerainfromtimetotime.
55.Althoughshehadbeenillforalongtime,itstillcameasashockwhenshe______died.
PartIV.ReadingComprehension(20points)
SectionA
Directions:TherearetworeadingpassagesinsectionA.Eachpassageiollowedbyfivequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswerarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonebestanswer.
Passage1
Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthatthefirstadvicegiventothoseyoungpeoplewhodeterminetogoonthestageis"Don't!"However,thosewhoinsistonpursuingthiscareermaygotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseandgiftareaccepted,andthecoursegenerallylaststwoyears.Thenthetrainedyoungactorstakeupworkwithatheaterpany,usuallyasassistantstagemanagers.Theretheyhetodoalmosteverythinginthetheater:painting,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthedresseorplayers,andevenactingminorparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed,theworkinghoursarelongandthesalaryisverylow.Nevertheless,youngactorsarequitehappy,fortheymightheachancetoworkwithabetterpany,probablyafilmpanyoratelevisionstation.
Ofcourse,somepeoplemayheunusualchancestobeefamousandsuccesulinthiscirclequickly.ConniePratt,forexample,wasonceanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedtofindheronemorningatabusstop.Heaskedherifshewouldliketogotohiilmpanyforatest.Atfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Shewasabouttocallthepolice.IttooktheproducertwentyminutestoconvinceConniethathewasserious.Thenanappointmentwaade.Conniewastogotothefilmpanythenextday.Thetestwassuccesul.Aftersomenecessarytraining,sheplayedaleadingroleinamovie.Conniebecamefamousovernight.Butchanceslikethisareindeedrare.
56.Thewriter'irstsuggestionforthosewhoplantobeactorsisto____________.
A.seeafilmproducerB.gotoadramaschool
C.giveuptheideaD.gotoworkforaTVstation
57.Dramaschoolsonlyaccept____________.
A.youngactorsB.stagemanagers
C.honeststudentsD.promisingstudents
58.Accordingtothepassage,anassistantstagemanagerdoeseverythingEXCEPT____________.
A.paintingscenesB.makingfurniture
C.actingminorpartsD.takingcareofdresses
59.Whenthefilmproduceraskedhertodoatest,ConniePratt____________.
A.refusedhisofferB.doubtedhissincerity
C.calledapolicemanD.gotveryexcited
60.ConniePrattbecamesuccesulby____________.
A.actingaleadingrole
B.marryingtheproducer
C.leadingthefilmpany
D.learningtheartofspeaking
Passage2
TheManBookerPrizeforFictionisawardedeveryyearforanovelwrittenbyawriterfromtheCommonwealthortheRepublicofIrelandanditaimstorepresenttheverybestincontemporaryfiction.TheprizewasoriginallycalledtheBooker-McConnellPrize,whichwasthenameofthepanythatsponsoredit,thoughitwasbetter-knownassimplythe'BookerPrize'.In2002,theManGroupbecamethesponsorandtheychosethenewname,keeping'Booker'.
Publisherscansubmitbookorconsiderationfortheprize,butthejudgescanalsoaskforbookstobesubmittedtheythinkshouldbeincluded.Firstly,theAdvisoryCommitteegiveadviceiftherehebeenanychangestotheruleortheprizeandselectsthepeoplewhowilljudgethebooks.Thejudgingpanelchangeseveryyearandusuallyapersonisonlyajudgeonce.
Greateffortsaremadetoensurethatthejudgingpanelisbalancedintermsofgenderandprofessionswithintheindustry,sothatawriter,acritic,aneditorandanacademicarechosenalongwithawell-knownpersonfromwidersociety.However,whenthepanelofjudgeshasbeenfinalized,theyarelefttomaketheirowndecisionswithoutanyfurtherinvolvementorinterferencefromtheprizesponsor.
TheManBookerjudgesincludecritics,writersandacademicstomaintaintheconsistentqualityoftheprizeanditsinfluenceissuchthatthewinnerwillalmostcertainlyseethesalesincreaseconsiderably,inadditiontothe£50,000thateswiththeprize.
61.TheMangroup____________.
A.waorcedtokeepthename'Booker'.
B.decidedtoincludethename'Booker'.
Cdecidedtokeepthename'Booker-McConnell'.
D.decidedtouseonlythename'Booker'.
62.Thejudgingpanelisselectedby____________.
A.anadvisorymittee
B.thesponsoringpany
C.editorsandacademics
D.professionswithintheindustry
63.Adviceonchangestotherulesaregivenby____________.
A.thesponsors
B.thejudgingpanel
C.theadvisorypanel
D.thepublishers
64.Thesponsorsoftheprize____________.
A.areinvolvedinchoosingthewinner
B.areinvolvedinchoosingthejudges
C.prefertheprofessionswithintheindustry
D.selectcriticsandacademicsonlyforadvice
65.Theconsistentqualityoftheprizeisguaranteedby____________.
A.theprizemoney.
B.thegenderofthejudges.
C.themake-upofthepanelofjudges.
D.theincreaseinsalesofthewinner.
PartV.Translation(10points)
Directions:PutChinesegivenintheblanksintoEnglishtopletethesentences.
66._____________(我完全了解)thatwhyyoumadesuchasurprisingspeechonthefarewellmeeting..
.Tellme_______________(你有没有兴趣)indevelopinganewproductforourfirm.
.Themarketresearch________________(不可能涉及每一个人),everystoreoreveryproduct.
.Arethereanyareasyouthink_____________________(没有充分包含在合同中)
._____________________(为了赚够足够的钱养活家庭),heworkedlateintothenight.
VI.Writing(15points)
71.Directions:Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteanoticeinEnglishin100-120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation.
你所在的公司需要招聘数名管理人员,请你写一则广告.
内容包括:
招聘原因和人数,
招聘对象(年龄,学历要求和工作经历),
优先考虑条件(如:英语口译能力强,高学历,有多年的工作经验等)报名时间,地点和.
,样参
PSpeaking(10minutesand10points)
SectionAReadingAloud
1.Phrase1.theworldfinancialcenter
Phrase2.agrandweddingceremony
Phrase3.disposableshoppingbags
Phrase4.thedamagedcausedbyanearthquake
Phrase5.geicallyengineeredcornsandpotatoes
Sentence1.Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy.
7.Sentence2:Oneofthebiggestproblemspeoplehetodayislackofactivity.
8.Sentence3:Inthemostseverelyfloodedareas,familiesarestillnotabletoreturnhome.
SectionBQuestions&,Answers
SuggestedanswerstoQuestions1-3
9.Question1:WillIbeallowedtoworkathomeoffice
10.Question2:What'stheeragesalaryforthisposition
11.Question3:WillIworkindependentlyorinateam
12.Blank1:Yes.Whichpositionareyouinterestedin
13.Blank2:Well,letmesee.MayIheyourname,please
14.Blank3:Yes,it'sinmymailbox.Ok,thenwe'llcontactyouinafewdays.
15.略
PartII.ListeningComprehension(20minutesand20points)
SectionAWordDictation
16.munities17.position18.allowed19.considered20.support
SectionBUnderstandingDialogues&,Conversations
21.B22.A23.C24.B25.B26.B27.B28.B
29.A30.C31.A32.B33.D34.D35.C
PartIII.VocabularyandStructure(25points)
SectionA
36.C37.C38.B39.0.1.2.D43.A44.D45.A
46.A47.B48.9.A45.C
SectionB
51.A52.C53.F54.G55.J
PartIV.ReadingComprehension(20points)
56.C57.D58.B59.B60.A61.B62.A63.C64.B65.C
PartV.Translation(10points)
66.Iwaullyaware
67.tobeincluded/containedinthecontract
68.couldnotbeinvolvedineverybody
69.whetheryouheanyinterestin
70.inordertoearnenoughmoneytosupporthiamily
PartVI.Writing(15points)
71.SalesManagersWanted
Weareoneofworld'sleaderstoprovideindustry-focusedassuranceservicestobuildpublictrustforitsclients.Nowwewanttorecruitmorepeopletoworkwithus.
Twosaleanagersarewantedtoexpandouroverseaarket.Ourjobopportunitiesareopentothosewhoheobtainedmaster'sdegreeinmajorslikeMBA,administrativescienceandmarketingundertheageof25.AgoodmandoforalinterpretationinEnglishandworkingexperienceareaplustoyourqualifications.
Itisindeedtheidealopportunitytofindoutaboutacareerwithus.ThosewhoareinterestedinthisopportunitycangotoDongshengCorporation(15,HuixinEastStreet,ChaoyangDistrict,BJ)withyourresume.ThedeadlineisDecember11,2016.Shouldyouheanyquestions,pleasecontact010-12345678formoreinformation.
十,评分标准
PSpeaking
语考试的评分点包括语音语调,语法词汇和互动交流三个方面,采取在分项评分的基础上总体计分的办法评定.
分项\等级不合格合格优秀语音语调严重影响交流语音语调基本标准,基本不影响交流语音语调,基本不影响交流语法词汇难以理解,并伴有多次明显犹豫语法词汇使用有一定错误但基本不影响交流语法词汇使用基本准确,恰当而有一定的语法结构变化互动交流尚不具备用英语进行口头交流的能力就一般话题能用英语进行对话交流,且语速较交流利能用英语互相交流,表达达畅
部分任务类型时限题数分数1跟读语句
(或短文)词语跟读1.5分钟54句子跟读1.5分钟32交互问答提问1.5分钟33回答1.5分钟33一般性描述(或陈述)分钟13
V.Translation(Chinese→English)(10%)
SectionA
用词及结构均正确,得分.
结构正确,但单词拼写错误超过两个以上(包括两个词),得分.
结构正确,但单词拼写错误少于两个,得分.
结构不正确和词汇拼写超过两个以上不得分.
大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计.
VI.Writing写作(15%)1.文章切题.文字通顺,条理清楚,无重大语言错误,仅有个别小错,15分.
2.文章切题.文字通顺,条理清楚,但有少量语言错误,得分.
3.基本切题.有些地方表达不清,文字勉强连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误,得分.
4.基本切题.思想表达不清,连贯性差,有较多的语言严重错误,得分.
5.条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎,大部分有错误,且多数为严重错误得分.
十,录音稿
I.Speaking
Warm-upquestions
Pleasereadyourfullnameandyourregistrationnumbertothemicrophoneloudlywhenyouseeorheartheprompt.
Now,herearesomewarm-upquestions.
Task:
Afteryouheareachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepauseyoushouldgiveyouranswer.
Youshouldbegintoanswerthequestiononhearingasignalandstopatanendingsignal.
Nowpleaselistentothequestions.
Question1:
What'syourhobby
Question2:
Whatdoyoulikeaboutyourhobby
Question3:
Ifyouheafreehourintheafternoon,howwouldyouliketospendit
ThisistheendofWarm-upquestions.
SectionAReadingAloud(3minutes)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearfivephrasesandthreesentences.
Task:
Youarerequiredtoreadaloudeachphraseorsentenceafterthespeaker.
Yourvoicewillberecordedintothesystem.
Youarerequiredtoreadaloudwhenhearingthebeginningsignalandstopbeforethespeakerstartsreadingthenextphraseorsentence.
每道小题请在听到提示音""后开始录音.
1.Phrase1:
Theworldfinancialcenter
2.Phrase2:
agrandweddingceremony
3.Phrase3:
disposableshoppingbags
4.Phrase4:
thedamagedcausedbyanearthquake
5.Phrase5:
Geicallyengineeredcornsandpotatoes
6.Sentence1:
Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy.
7.Sentence2:
Oneofthebiggestproblemspeoplehetodayislackofactivity.
8.Sentence3:
Inthemostseverelyfloodedareas,familiesarestillnotabletoreturnhome.
ThisistheendofSectionA.
SectionBQuestions&,Answers
Directions:
Youarelookingforajob.Yourfriendhasjustseenajobadvertisementandisnowtalkingwithyouaboutit.Youarerequiredtoask3questionormoredetailedinformationaboutthejob.You'resupposedtofindoutinformationabout3aspectsofthejob.Choosethebestquestionromthechoicesgivenandreadthemintothesystem.
Youhe1minutetoreadthroughtheprompts.
Youwillhe10secondstoaskeachquestion.You'rerequiredtoreadoutthequestionsyou'vechosen.
Yourvoicewillberecordedintosystem.
Now,pleasesilentlyreadthejobadvertisement.
9.Question1:
10.Question2:
11.Question3:
Next,youwillhearagappedconversationbetweenChuckandMs.Smith(asisshownbelow).
Task:
Beforeyoulistentotheconversation,you'llhe30secondstoreadthroughthescriptshownonthescreen(asisshownbelow).
Whilelisteningtotheconversationyouarerequiredtopletetheblankswithwhatyouhear.
Youwillhe10secondstorecordthemissingwordsineachblankintothesystem.
Now,pleasesilentlyreadthescriptoftheconversation.
[Timebegins]
Hereisthegappedconversationrecording.Remembertochoosewhatyouhearfromthechoicesgivenandspeakoutthemissingsentencesafteryouhearthesignal.
Chuck:Hello,isthatHolibyteSoftware
Ms.Smith:Yes.
Chuck:Isawthejobadsonyourwebsite.Aretheystillailable
等
12.(Blank1:)
Chuck:I'minterestedincustomermaintenance.I'vesentyoumyresume.
等
13.(Blank2:)
Chuck:ChuckHill,thankyou.
等
14.(Blank3:)
Chuck:Manythanks.Bye-bye.
ThisistheendofSectionB.
SectionCPresentation
Inthispart,apictureisshownontheputerscreen(asisshownbelow).
Youarerequiredtodescribethepictureandthentalkaboutthekeytoasuccesulspeechataconference.
Youwillhe1minutetoprepareand2minutestodothepresentation.
Yourvoicewillberecordedintothesystem.
Remembertostartyourpresentationwhenyouhearthesignal.
Now,youhe1minutetoprepare.
15.Presentation
Now,youhe2minuteoryourpresentation.
ThisistheendofSectionC.
PartII.ListeningComprehension
SectionAWordDictation
Listentothepassageandtypeinthemissingwordineachblank.You'llhearthepassageTHREETIMES.
Intheolddaystherewaseveryreasontomarryyoung–especiallyamongtheworkingclass.InChinesemunities,unmarriedmenandwomenseemedtobedisadvantagedinmanyways.Womenwereinamoredifficultpositionthanmensinceinearliertimes,girlswerenotallowedtobeeducated.Theyalsodidnotenjoysocialfreedom.Inthepast,womenwhowerenot"marriedoff"beforetheyturned30wereconsideredtobeaproblemoraworryforthefamily.Theymighthetoremainwiththeirfamiliesastheycouldnotfindjobs,andthuswereunabletosupportthemselves.Formen,theyoftenledanunpleasantorunfortablelifeastheydidnotheawifetodothesewing,cooking,cleaningandtakingcareofthehusbandandchildren.Inthosedays,bothsexesneededmarriagefarmorethannow.
SectionBUnderstandingDialogues&,Conversations
Listentofiveshortdialoguesonce.Aftereachdialogue,there'llbeaquestion.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.
6)M:WouldyouliketotrythenewItalianrestauranttonight
W:IhetogiveapresentationtomorrowmorningandIneedtogetreadyforthat.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean
7)W:Youknowmycarhasn'tbeenthesamesincetheaccidentlastmonth.
M:You'dbetterhethatlookedintobeforeyoudrivetoTibet.
Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthatthewomanshoulddo
8)M:Hello.ThisisTomWesson.I'mcallingtoseeifmymedicalexamresultsarein.
W:Well,letmesee.Youtooktheexamyesterdayafternoon.Sotheearliestyoucouldgettheresultsistomorrowmorning.
Q:Whencanthemangetthemedicalexamresults
9)M:MostpeopletrelingtoSpainenjoywatchingthebullfights.Whataboutyou
W:Believeitornot,thatisthelastthingI'dliketodo.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean
10)W:WhatdoyouthinkofthepuddingImadeitmyself.
M:Well,it'ssimplythebestI'veeverhad.Evenmymumcan'tmakepuddingslikethis.
Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutthepudding
Listentotwoconversationsonce.Aftereachconversation,there'llbetwoorthreequestions.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.
Conversation1
M:Hi,weletohemeatpies.MayItakeyourorder
W:Um-hum,yes.I'dliketohethechickenfriedsteak.
M:OK.Wouldyouliketohefries,riceorbreadwithyourmeal
W:I'lltakerice.
M:Wouldyoucareforanythingtodrink
W:Yeah,I'lltakeamediumSprite.
M:I'msorry.Weonlyhelargeorall.
W:Well,inthatcase,I'llheaallsprite.)
11.Whatfoodhasthewomanordered
12.Whatdrinkhasthewomanfinallychosen
Conversation2
W:Goodmorning,sir.I'mthesaleanfromSunCompany.Iwonderifyoucouldsparemehalfanhourtointroduceourbusiness.
M:Sorry.I'vealotofthingstohandle.Youcouldonlyhe5minutes.
W:Oh,it'llbetoomuchhurry.I'dliketomakeanappointmenttomorrowafter.Doesthatsuityou
M:No.I'llinspectmynewshowroomtomorrowafternoon.Let'scontactlater.OKThat'ine.ButI'dliketofixanappointmentwithyou.Howaboutthedayaftertomorrow
W:Well,that'sallright.Thanks.AtwhattimecanIseeyou
M:Myofficehourirom9to12.I'llbeexpectingyouthen.
W:Ok.I'llvisityouatthattime.It'sverykindofyoutogivemeanappointment.Thankyou.)
M:You'rewele.
13.Whatdoesthewomando
14.Whydoesn'tthemanlistentothewoman'sintroduction
15.Whenwillthewomanmeettheman
SectionCUnderstandingthePassage
Directions:
Listentothefollowingpassage,andthenchoosethebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.YouwillheartherecordingonlyONCE.
Fashionreferstoacurrenttrend.Althoughit'ostoftenusedinacontextofclothesandotheraspectsofappearance,fashioncanapplytomusic,art,politics,andevenmathematicsandjoysinputerprogrammingtechniques.Fashioninclothescanbeusedtoexpressemotions.There'sagreatdealofchoicesailableintheselectionofclothes.Whatpeoplechoosetowearcanexpresstheirpersonalitiesandlikes.Whenpeoplewhoheculturalstatusstarttowearnewordifferentclothes,afashiontrendmaystart.Peoplewholikethemorrespectthemmaystarttowearasimilarstyle.Acentralfeatureoffashionisthatitchangesconstantly.Thechangemayproceedmorerapidlythaninmostotherfieldsofhumanactivity,suchaslanguageandthought.Forsomepeople,suchchangeisharmful,foritresultsinwasteandencouragesconsumerstobuythingsunnecessarily.Others,especiallyyoungpeopleenjoythevarietyfashionbrings,seeingtheconstantchangeasawaytosatiytheirdesiretoexperiencenewandinterestingthings.Fashionayvarysignificantlywithinasocietyaccordingtoage,socialclass,generation,occupation,andgeographyaswellastime.If,forexample,anoldmandressesaccordingtofashionsofyoungpeople,heorshemaylookridiculousintheeyesofyoungerandolderpeople.
16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanexampleoffashion
17.Accordingtothepassage,whenwillafashiontrendstart
18.Whatisthemainfeatureoffashion
19.Whyaresomepeopleagainstfashion
20.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage附表一语法项目表
一、词法
1.词类
英语词语分两大类:实词和虚词
实词包括:名词,代词,数词,形容词,动词,副词
虚词包括:冠词,介词,连词,感叹词
2.名词
1)名词的分类:普通名词和专有名词
A.普通名词的分类
a)可数名词:个体名词,集合名词
b)不可数名词:物质名词,抽象名词
B.类别转化:可数名词与不可数名词之间,个体名词与物质名词,抽象名词之间
2)名词的数:构成复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化
3)名词的格:通格和所有格,所有格的构成形式
4)名词的句用:主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,主语补足语
3.冠词
1)冠词的分类:定冠词和不定冠词
2)定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法
A.定冠词的基本用法:特指,第二次提到的事物,类别,独一无二的事物
B.不定冠词的基本用法:泛指,"一","某个",类属
3)不加冠词的情况
4.代词
1)代词的分类:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,相互代词,不定代词,疑问代词,连接代词,关系代词
2)代词的句用:主语,定语,宾语,表语,同位语
5.数词
1)数词的分类:基数词,序数词,分数词,小数和百分数
2)数词的句用:定语,主语,宾语,表语,同位语
6.形容词
1)形容词的分类:性质形容词,关系形容词
2)形容词的级:原级,比较级,最高级,构成比较级和最高级的规则变化及不规则变化
3)形容词的句用:定语,表语,状语,宾语补足语,主语补足语,状语,独立成分
7.副词
1)副词的分类:时间副词,地点副词,方式副词,程度副词,疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词
2)副词的级:原级,比较级和最高级,构成比较级和最高级的规则变化及不规则变化
3)副词的句用
A.作状语,修饰动词,形容词,副词,全句,也可以修饰数词,不定代词,名词
B.作表语
C.作宾语补足语
8.动词
1)动词的分类:及物动词,不及物动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词
2)动词的基本形式
A.现在式,过去式,过去分词
B.过去式和过去分词的规则变化与不规则变化
3)动词的限定形式
4)时态
A.构成
a)一般现在时:动词单数第三人称加一s的规则
b)现在进行时:am(is,are)+现在分词
c)现在完成时:he(has)+过去分词
d)一般过去时:规则动词和不规则动词的过去形式
e)过去进行时:was(were)+现在分词
f)过去完成时:had,十过去分词
g)过去将来时:should(would)+动词原形
h)一般将来时:shall(will)+动词原形
i)将来进行时:shall(will)+be+现在分词
j)将来完成时:shall(will)+he十过去分词
k)现在完成进行时:he(has)+been十现在分词
B.用法
a)一般现在时:表示经常的动作或状态,主语的特征,客观事实或普遍真理,将来的动作或状态,过去的动作或状态
b)现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作,即将发生的动作
c)现在完成时:表示过去开始但持续到现在的动作或状态,过去发生但对现在有影响或结果的动作
d)一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态
e)过去进行时:表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作或状态,过去检测定要发生的动作或状态
f)过去完成时:表示过去某一时间或某个动作发生之前已经完成的动作或状态,过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态
g)过去将来时:表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态
h)一般将来时:表示将来某一时间发生的动作或状态
i)将来进行时:表示将来某一时间正在发生的动作或状态
j)将来完成时:表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态
k)现在完成进行时:表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在.是否继续进行下去,则根据上下文判断
1)过去完成进行时:表示动作或状态在过去某一时间已经开始,一直持续到过去这一时间.是否继续进行下去,则根据上下文判断
m)时态的呼应:宾语从句中的动词时态受主句动词时态的影响而发生变化
5)语态
A.主动语态
B.被动语态
a)构成:be(各种时态)十过去分词(+by短语)
b)用法
(1)强调动作对象
(2)不知道动作的执行者
(3)不需要指出动作的执行者
C.几种特殊结构
a)含有情态动词的被动语态结构
b)短语动词的被动语态结构
c)要求双宾语的动词的被动语态结构
d)要求复合宾语的动词的被动语态结构
D.主动语态表示被动意义
6)语气
A.陈述语气
B.祈使语气
a)第二人称
(1)肯定结构:动词原形
(2)否定结构:Don't+动词原形
b)第一,三人称:Let+第一人称或第三人称十动词原形
C.虚拟语气
a)意义:表示检测设,建议,主观愿望等
b)构成及用法
(1)用于非真实条件句或用介词短语作状语的简单句中,表示与事实相反的检测设
(a)违反现在事实:(从句)过去式,(主句)should(would)+动词原形
(b)违反过去事实:(从句)had十过去分词,主句should(would)he十过去分词
(c)违反将来事实:(从句)should(wereto)+动词原形,(主句)should(would)+动词原形
(d)非真实条件句连词if的省略及倒装语序
(2)用于主语,宾语,表语,同位语等从句中,表示愿望,命令,建议,重要性,迫切性等.
〔a)主语从句用that连接了主句表语为desirableessential,advisable,imperative,desired,demanded,required,pity等形容词,过去分词,名词,从句中虚拟语气为(should+)动词原形.
(b)宾语从句用that连接
(i)主句谓语动词为desire,demand,remend,request,suggest,从句中虚拟语气用(should+)动词原形
(ii)主句谓语动词为wish,从句中虚拟语气用动词过去式,过去完成式或过去将来式
(iii)主句谓语动词为wouldrather(sooner)或hadrather,从句中虚拟语气用过去式或过去完成式
(c)表语从句,同位语从句用that连接,主句的主语或同位语为desire,suggestion,proposal,idea等名词,从句中虚拟语气用(should+)动词原形
(3)情态动词can,could,may,might表示虚拟语气
(4)虚拟语气用于错综时间非真实条件句等其他情况
7)情态动词
A.can(could),may(might),must,oughtto,need,dare的用法
B.shall(should),will(would)用作情态动词
8)动词非限定形式
A.不定式
a)构成
(1)一般式主动语态:不定式符号to+动词原形
(2)进行式主动语态:不定式符号to+be十现在分词
(3)完成式主动语态:不定式符号to+he十过去分词
(4)一般式被动语态:不定式符号to+be+过去分词
(5)完成式被动语态:不定式符号to十hebeen+过去分词
(6)不定式符号to的省略
b)不定式短语
(1)不定式带宾语和(或)状语
(2)for+名(代)词+不定式
(3)疑问词+不定式
c)用法:在句中作主语(引导词it),表语,宾语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,主语补足语
B.分词
a)构成
(1)现在分词
(a)一般式主动语态:动词原形十词尾-ing
(b)一般式被动语态:being+过去分词
(c)完成式主动语态:hing+过去分词
(d)完成式被动语态:hingbeen+过去分词
(2)过去分词(规则变化):动词原形+词尾一(e)d
b)用法:在句中作定语(前置和后置),表语,状语(时间,原因,结果,条件,方式,伴随情况),宾语补足语,主语补足语
c)独立分词结构
C.动名词
a)构成:分类和构成方法与现在分词相同
b)用法:在句中作主语,表语(与动词不定式作表语的区别),动词宾语,介词宾语(构成介词短语,在句中作定语,表语,状语),定语(与现在分词作定语的区别)
c)动名词的逻辑主语
9.介词
1)介词的分类:简单介词,复合介词,二重介词,短语介词,分词介词
2)介词和动词,名词,形容词,副词的搭配
3)介词短语的构成
A.介词+名词
B.介词+代词
C.介词+动名词
D.介词+代词(副词)引出的从句或不定式短语
4)介词短语的用法:定语,状语,表语,宾语补足语,主语补足语
5)常用介词的意义及其句用
6)介词和介词副词
10.连词
1)连词的分类:并列连词,从属连词
2)常用连词的意义及其句用
二、句法
1.句子
1)句子按使用目的分类
A.陈述句
B.疑问句
a)一般疑问句:助动词,情态动词,倒装词序,陈述句用作一般疑问句
b)特殊疑问句:疑问词在句中的作用,倒装词序,自然词序
C.选择疑问句
D.反意疑问句:反意疑问句中的肯定结构与否定结构
E祈使句:第二人称祈使句,第一人称祈使句
F.感叹句
2)句子按结构分类
A.简单句
B.并列句:用连接词连接和不用连接词连接
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