规范和统一外宣用语的英文翻译

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中国地方文化英语导读

《中华文明与地方文化英文导读》

HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandSuzhouCulture

Preface

WhentheOlympicsopenedonAugust8,2016inBeijing,wesawChinesecivilizationandnationalharmonybeingshowcased.HereiswhatWesternmediawereexcitedabout:"TheworldseesChinaasitseesitselfandasitwantstobeseenbytheworld.TheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicswasaboutChinashistoricalachievementsanditsdreamsoffuturesuccess."TherichChineseculturalheritageandcivilizationdemonstratedintheopeningceremonyoftheBeijingOlympicadetheworldfascinated.China,anancientandbeautifullandwithalonghistory,hasnotonlynurturedcountlessgenerationsoftheChinesepeople,butalsocreatedsplendidcivilizationinphilosophy,history,education,scienceandtechnology,ethics,morality,culturalidentity,nationalcharacter,lifeorientation,socialorder,folksandcustoms,whicharealsoindispensablepartsoftheworldculture.Inthelonghistoricaldevelopment,theChinesecivilizationhaadeuniquecontributionstotheworld.

Chinesecivilizationhasahistoryover5,000years,anditisnotpossibleforanysinglebooktocoveralltheaspects.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureonlyprovidesageneralintroduction,attemptingtoinspirefurtherinterestandexploration.Inthe21stcentury,theworldhasweledaneraofnewculturalintegration,withdifferentculturesacceleratingtheirglobalizationprocesses.AsChinaneedstoabsorbtheexcellentaspectsoftheworldcultureoritodernizationprogress,theworld,whethertheEastortheWest,alsoneedstotakeinChineseculturalelementorfurtherdevelopment.Alsointhe21stcentury,ChinaneedstoknowabouttheworldmoreandtheworldneedstounderstandChinabetter.TheintroductionofChineseknowledge,cultureandtraditionwillcertainlyhelptheworldtoheabetterinsightintoChina.

TointroducetheChinesecultureandcivilizationtotheworld,collegeEnglishteachingbearstheresponsibility.CollegeEnglishCurriculumRequirementsstipulatedtheobjectiveofcollegeEnglishteachinginthenewcenturyis"todevelopstudentsabilitytouseEnglishinanallroundway,especiallyinlisteningandspeaking,sothatintheirfutureworkandsocialintercoursestheywillbeabletoexchangeinformationeffectivelythroughbothspokenandwrittenchannelsandimprovetheirculturalqualitysoastomeettheneedsofChinassocialdevelopmentandinternationalexchanges".HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureaimstodevelopcollegeEnglishlearnerssustainableabilitytouseEnglishinanallroundway.EnglishinChinaisaforeignlanguage,andEnglishlearningcannotbeseparatedfromthenativeculture.Englishteaching,whetherintheformoflisteningandspeakinginstructionorinthemeansofreadingandwritingtraining,mustbeendowedwithnew,concreteandpracticalteachingmaterialsandcontents.TheintroductionoftheChineseculturalknowledge,includingregionalculturalelements,notonlyprovidesvividandunderstandableteachingmaterialorcollegeEnglishlearners,butalsoenablescollegeEnglishlearnerstoaccuratelyandproperlyexpressChineseculturalinformationinbothspokenandwrittenchannels.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCulturehopestoimprovecollegeEnglishlearnersculturalquality.AarasEnglishlearnersculturalqualityisconcerned,twoculturesarecertainlyinvolvedatleast,EnglishcultureandChineseculture.Unfortunately,thereexistsobviousdeficiency(somescholarsusetheterm"aphasia")intheinstructionoftheChineselanguageandcultureforcollegeEnglishlearners."Chineseeducationhasbeeaproblemnotonlyinforeignlanguagefield,butalsoinallacademiccircles."Thisdeficiencymakes,tosomeextent,ChineseEnglishlearnersignorantofproperChineseculturalexpressions,affectsthecultivationoftheirtranslationability,andhinderstheimprovementoftheirprehensiveculturalquality.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureexpectstopromotecollegeEnglishlearnerscrossculturalmunication.

Crossculturalmunicationistheinformationexchangeanddialoguebetweenandamongdifferentcultures.Obviously,theintroductionofEnglishculturealonecannotmeetalltheneedsofcrossculturalmunication,becausecrossculturalmunicationalsomeanstopromotetotheworldtraditionalChineseculturalelements.TomeettheneedsofChinassocialdevelopmentandinternationalexchanges,collegeEnglishlearnerscrossculturalmunicationpracticelieoreinintroducingChineseculturalknowledge.

HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureinaccordancewith"institutionsofhigherlearningshouldsettheirownobjectivesinthelightoftheirspecificcircumstance",introducesthehighlightsofthelocalculture,withanaimtoprovidecollegeEnglishlearnerswithbetteropportunitieorregionaldevelopmentandgrowth.

ThepilersofHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCulturesincerelyhopethatthebookwillarousecollegeEnglishlearnersgreaterinterestinChinesecultureintheircollegestudyandhebettercrossculturalmunicationperformanceintheirfutureworkandsocialintercourses.

Contents

PartOneChineseCivilization

Chapter1GeneralSurvey3

Ⅰ.Geography3

Ⅱ.Nationality4

Chapter2History12

Ⅰ.Pre-HistoricalTime12

Ⅱ.EarlyHistory18

Ⅲ.ImperialEra21

Ⅳ.ModernPeriod26

Chapter3Language29

Ⅰ.Origin29

Ⅱ.Development31

Ⅲ.Character33

Ⅳ.FourTreasures35

Chapter4Culture39

Ⅰ.CulturalRelic39

Ⅱ.LiteraryWork45

Ⅲ.PerformingArt59

Chapter5Education66

Ⅰ.AncientAchievement67

Ⅱ.ModernDevelopment76

Chapter6Science79

Ⅰ.FourGreatInventions80

Ⅱ.TraditionalMedicine82

Ⅲ.WorldLeadingAchievement88

Chapter7Philosophy92

Ⅰ.Confuciani92

Ⅱ.Taoi97

Ⅲ.Buddhi101

Ⅳ.ChristianityandIslam104

Chapter8Architecture107

Ⅰ.Feature107

Ⅱ.Type109

Ⅲ.Craftanship127

Chapter9FolkCulture130

Ⅰ.LunarCalendar130

Ⅱ.TraditionalHoliday133

Ⅲ.RitualPractice145

Ⅳ.Custom151

Chapter10Life159

Ⅰ.DieteticCulture159

Ⅱ.Costume175

Ⅲ.Sport183

Ⅳ.Entertainment190

PartTwoLocalCulture

Chapter11Profile199

Ⅰ.JiangsuProvince199

Ⅱ.YangtzeDelta208

Chapter12GatewaytoSuzhou214

Ⅰ.HistoricalBriefing215

Ⅱ.Achievement217

Ⅲ.Development222

Chapter13SuzhouCloseUp230

Ⅰ.Suzhou,VeniceintheOrient231

Ⅱ.HistoricalTownship240

Chapter14FeaturedArchitecture250

Ⅰ.TempleandPagoda251

Ⅱ.GovernmentBuildingandGuildHall256

Ⅲ.ClassicalGarden260

Chapter15CultureandLife276

Ⅰ.LanguageandArt277

Ⅱ.Handicraft288

Ⅲ.Cuisine295

Ⅳ.Festival302

Ⅴ.Lifestyle305

References312

Chapter1GeneralSurvey

Ⅰ.Geography

ChinaliesintheeastofAsiaandwestofthePacificOcean,backingthelandandfacingthesea.CoveringonefourthoftheAsianlandarea,oronefifteenthofthatoftheworld,ChinastartsinthenorthfromthecentrallineofthemainchanneloftheHeilongjiangRiver,extendingsouthtotheZengmuReefoftheNanshaIslands,withanorthsouthlengthof5,500km.BeginningintheeastattheconfluenceofthemainchannelsoftheHeilongjiangandtheWusulijiangRivers,ChinareachesthePamierPlateauinXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegioninthewest,withaeastwestdistanceof5,000km.Chinastopographyvariesinalltypes,includingmountainousregions,plateaus,hills,basins,plains,Gobi,deserts,andces,whicharealltypicalandmagnificent.TheQingzangPlateau,called"theroofoftheworld",isthehigheststepinChinasthreesteptopography,descendinggraduallyfromthewesttotheeast,withanerageelevationof4,000m.AroundthehigheststeparetheKunlunMountain,theQilianMountain,theLongmenMountain,andtheDaliangMountain.Attheeastedgeofthelowsteplieshallowseaslopeswhicharenomorethan200mdeep.MountQomolangmaintheborderingareabetweenChinaandNepalisthehighestpeakontheearth.Thewholecountrycanbedividedintothreenaturaltopographicaldistricts:theeasternmoistmonsoonareaswithrunningwaters,thenorthwesterndroughtareaswithamixtureofwinderosions,iceerosionsandrunningwaters,theQingzanghighandcoldareaswithicecoldandwinderosions.Chinaisoneofthecountriesintheworldwhichhethemostrivers.Thereareover1,500riverscovering1,000km2inarea.ThemostfamousonesaretheYangtzeRiver,thelongestinChinaandAsiaandthethirdlongestintheworld,andtheHuangheRiver(alsocalledtheYellowRiver),thesecondlongestinChina.Therearealsomanymanmaderivers,ofwhich,theGrandCanalistheoldestandthelongestintheworld.StartingfromBeijinginthenorthandendingatHangzhouinthesouth,theCanal,withatotallengthof1,800km,flowsthroughBeijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,JiangsuandZhejiangandconnectstheriversystemsoftheHaiheRiver,theHuangheRiver,theHuaiheRiver,theYangtzeRiver,andtheQiantangjiangRiver.The2000yearoldCanal,aamousastheGreatWall,hasplayedveryimportanttransportationandirrigationroleromthenorthtothesouth.Chinasrivers,bytheirflowcirculationpatterns,canbedividedintoexternalandinternalrivers.

Ⅱ.Nationality

Chinaisaunifiedmultinationalcountry.Eversincetheancienttime,theHannationalityandtheminoritynationalitieshealtogetherexperiencedhistoricalupsanddowns.Togetherthesenationalitieshedevelopedthisvastandfertileland,createdthesplendidChinesehistoryandculture,andmadegreatcontributionstotheunificationofChina.ThecurrentChinesenationconsistsof56nationalities,ofwhich,theHannationalitycovers91%ofthewholepopulation.ThefollowingareintroductionsoftheChineseminoritynationalities.1.PopulationandDistributionBeginningfrom1953,Chinahasanizedfourlargescalenationalityidentificationinvestigations.By1954,theChinesegovernmenthadidentified38nationalities.Furtherto1964,another15hadbeenidentified.TheGebanationalitywasidentifiedin1965andJinuoin1979.In2000,thetotalChinesepopulationwas1.26583billion,ofwhich,theHannationalityhad1.15940billion(91.59%),andtheminoritynationalitiescovered106.43million(8.41%).Also,ofthe55minoritynationalities,18hadapopulationover1million.TheyweretheMongolia,theHui,theZang,andtheZhuang.Therewerealso15minoritynationalities,suchastheLili,theWa,andtheFannationalities,whosepopulationwaorethan100,000butfewerthan1million.Another15minoritynationalitieshadapopulationmorethan10,000butfewerthan100,000,forexample,theBrown,theShala,andtheMaonannationalitieswereincluded.Therewerestillanothersevenminoritynationalitieswhosepopulationwaewerthan10,000.TheyweretheMenba,theElunchun,andtheDulongnationalitieswereincluded.Therewereanother734,000peoplewhosenationalitieswerenotidentified.Theminoritynationalities,fewerthan10%ofthewholepopulation,wereextensivelydistributedovertheautonomousregionscoveringover60%ofthewholeland.Becauseofhistoricalandgeographicalreasons,therewasasharpdifferenceinpopulationdensitybetweentheminoritynationalitiesandtheHannationalityinthecoastalareas.Ingeneral,thedistributionsoftheChineseminoritynationalitieshetheirownfeatures.Firstly,thereareallbutmixedinhabitations.Theminoritynationalitieostlyliveinthesouthwest,northwest,northeastprovincesandautonomousregions.The1,200nationalmunes,120autonomousbanners,and30autonomouscountiesinfiveautonomousregionsofInnerMongolia,Xinjiang,Tibet,GuangxiandNingxiaarethelivingareasoftheminoritynationalities.ButintheabovementionedareasalsolivemanyHannationalitypeople.Forexample,inInnerMongolia,GuangxiandNingxia,thepopulationoftheHannationalityexceedsthepopulationoftheminoritynationalities.Similarly,theHannationalitylivingareasarealsoinhabitedbymanyminoritynationalities.Secondly,thereisextensivedistribution.Theminoritynationalitieainlyliveinthewesternandfrontierareas.Thefiguresofthepopulationcensusin2000indicatedthatallnationalitieswereevenlydistributedin30provincesandregions,and29nationalitiesweredistributedinallprovincesandregions.11provincesandregionshad56nationalities,whichtookup35.5%ofthetotalprovincesandregions.Thepopulationcensusin2000indicatedthatthetotalminoritynationalitypopulationinGuangxi,Yunnan,GuizhouandXinjiangcoveredoverahalfofthewholeminoritynationalitypopulation.(1)ReligiousBeliefMostminoritynationalitieshetheirownreligiousbeliefs.Inthelongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment,religionshehadinfluenceontheeconomies,cultures,customsandhabitsoftheminoritynationalities.Someminoritynationalitiescollectivelybelieveinacertainreligion.Forexample,10minoritynationalitiesbelieveinIslam,threeofwhicharetheHui,theUygur,andtheKazakh.Someotherminoritynationalitiesstillfollowsometraditionalrituals,includingancestorworships,totem,witchery,andSaman.SomeofthesearetheDulong,theNu,theJingpo,theGaoshanandtheElunchunnationalities.(2)CustomandHabitThedifferentgeographicallocations,religiousbeliefs,workingwaysandlifestylesheenabledtheminoritynationalitiestoheformeddifferentcustomsandhabits,whicharedemonstratedinfoodanddrink,dailyliving,clothing,festivalandentertainment.TheZangnationalityshowscourtesybypresentingHadaandtheBainationalityshowsrespectbyoffering"threecoursesoftea".Infoodanddrink,theDongnationalitypreferscamelliaoiltea.TheUygurnationalitydrinkssugartea.TheZangnationalitylikeilkteaandbuttertea.TheMongoliannationalitydrinksbricktea,withsaltandcoworsheepmilkadded.TheHuinationalityoidspork,donkey,mule,horseanddogmeat.Generallytheyeatbeef,mutton,chicken,andfishinstead.TheMiaonationalitylikestoastdogmeat.TheUygurpeoplehethepracticeofroastingmuttoncubes.Thelivingarchitecturesoftheminoritynationalitiesaredifferentlyfeatured.ThebamboobuildingoftheDainationality,thesoilpiledearthenhouseoftheYinationality,thetentoftheMongoliannationality,andthescreenwallsoftheBainationalityalldemonstratethewisdomtocoexistwiththenature.Xishuangbannaisthefamouslandofbamboo,andtheDaipeopletherecreatebuildingademostlyofbamboo.TheMongoliansresideongrasslandsandliveonanimalhusbandry,andtheireasilydiountableandportabletentsareverysuitableformigratingherdentolivein.Thenationalcostumesaretherepresentativepartsinthenationalcustomsandcultures.Differentnationalitieshedifferentcostumes,whichstillshowgreatdifferencesinsubfaction,livinglocation,gender,andage.Theminoritynationalitycostumesvaryinstyleandtype.AlthoughtheYinationalityprefersdeepcoloreddress,theyhemorethanahundredvarietiesofdresses.TheMiaonationalityissaidtohemorethanonehundredsubfactionsandeachsubfactionhasitsownstylesofclothing.TheBainationalitypeoplelikewhitecolor,whichtheyregardasnobleandincorporatewhitejacketsaspartoftheircostumes.TheZangnationalityisdividedintopastoralandagriculturalareas.Inthepastoralareas,malesandfemalesallwearhighheeledbootsorleathershoes,andsheepskingowns.Theselonggownsheacollarandlargesleeves.ThemalecostumesoftheZangpeopleintheagriculturalareaarebasicallythesameasthoseinthepastoralareas,butwomengenerallywearlongblackgowns,waistwraps,andsometimesaanyastensilkknitflowerbeltstoshowtheirwealth.Allnationalitieshetheirowntraditionalfestivals.TheDragonBoatFestivaloftheMiaonationalityandtheJuneFestivaloftheHaninationalityarememorativefestivals.TheWaterSplashingFestivaloftheDai,theTorchingFestivaloftheYi,theZangCalendarYearoftheZang,andtheFastBreakingFestivaloftheHui,andtheUygurareallcelebrativeones.TheFlowerJumpingFairFestivaloftheBuyi,theWhippingTopFestivaloftheZhuang,theWrestlingFestivaloftheDong,theDragonKingFairinthethirdmonthoftheyearoftheNaxi,andtheNadamFairoftheMongoliaareallrecreationalfestivals.Atthesefestivals,congratulating,greeting,singing,dancing,andgatheringtocelebrateapart,someminoritynationalitiesholdpetitiveactivitiessuchassheepsnatching,horseracingandharnessing,andwrestling.2.Language,CharacterandCultureAlmostallminoritynationalitieshetheirownnationallanguages,butofwhichonly21hetheirownwritingsystems.ThelanguagesofChinainoritynationalitiesbelongtodifferentlanguagefamilies.19minoritylanguagesbelongtotheHanZangfamily,includingthelanguagesoftheZhuang,theZang,theBuyi,theTaiandtheDong,and16minoritylanguagesbelongtotheArtaifamily,includingtheUygur,theKazakh,andtheMongolia.ThelanguagesoftheWa,theBrownandtheDeangnationalitiesbelongtotheSouthAsianfamily.ThelanguagesspokenbytheTadzhikandtheRussianminoritiesbelongtotheIndianEuropeanfamily.Theminoritynationalities,intheirlonghistoricaldevelopment,createdmanysplendidanduniqueculturalarts.Crossstitchwork,embroidery,brocadeweing,waxprinting,andornamentmakingarerepresentativeones.TheornamentadebytheMiaoarebright,colorfulandworldfamous,andthecalligraphyandpaintingoftheZangarewellposedwithorientalfeatures.Themyths,legends,tales,balladsoftheminoritynationalitiesexploreintothehistoryandthesociety,folksandcustoms,andlifeandhabits.Asearlyasatthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theZangnationalityhaddocumentswrittenintheirownlanguage,whosecontentswereasrichasthoseoftheHannationality.TheDongbawritingincludedsuchuniqueliteraryworksastheDongbaClassics,andlongepicsoftheEpochCreation.Theminoritynationalitiesheretainedtheirtraditionalmusicanddances.Mostminoritynationalitiesaregoodatsinginganddancing,andquiteoftentheyincorporatesinginganddancingindailyworkandtheirnationalfestivals.TheMiaonationalityisveryskilledinlushengdance.Accordingtohistoricaldocumentation,lusheng,amusicalinstrument,hasahistoryofover3,000years.Fromtheveryancienttime,whenlushengwasplayed,ithadalwaysbeenacpaniedbydance.Lushengperformancesvary.Insomeareas,whenlushengisplayed,solodancesandpasdedeuxaremon.ButintheMiaoareaofthesoutheasternGuizhou,lushengtreadingiagnificentinscale.Whileplaying,Lushengblowersskillfullydosuchdifficultmovementsasstandingupsidedown,rolling,suspending,poleclimbing,andformingapyramid.Theminoritynationalitiesalsohemanyplacesofbothhistoricinterestandscenicbeauty,forexample,thePotalaPalace,theZebengTemple,theSelaTemple,theGandanTempleinLasha,theTaerTempleinQinghai,theThousandBuddhaHoleatKezierinXinjiang,andtheBuluotuoRelicsoftheZhuanginGuangxi.3.NationalityPolicyChinaisamultinationalcountry,andtheunityamongallnationalitiesisimperative.Forthestateunificationandstability,theChinesegovernmenthaormulatedaseriesofnationalitypolicies.Inthefirstplace,equalityandunityamongallnationalitiesarestipulatedintheChineseConstitution.Thenationalityautonomoussystem,togetherwiththePeoplesCongresssystemandthepoliticalconsultativesystemamongallpoliticalpartiesundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina,isoneofthethreebasicpoliticalsystemsinChina.

Inthesecondplace,theChinesegovernmenthaspromotedthemutualdevelopmentandprosperityofallnationalitiesbysparingnoeffortsintodevelopingtheculturalandeconomiccausesintheareasinhabitedbytheminoritynationalities,adoptingseriesofspecialpoliciesandmeasurestohelpandsupportthedevelopmentoftheminoritynationalityareas,andcallinguponandanizingthedevelopedHannationalityareastooffersupport.Inthethirdplace,greatimportanceisattachedtothedevelopmentofthescientific,educational,cultural,andhealthneedsintheminoritynationalityareas.Aarastheminorityeducationisconcerned,thestategivestherightfortheautonomousregionstodeveloptheirownnationalityeducation.Thestatealsoattachesimportancetothenationalitylanguageandbilingualeducations,enhancesthetrainingofminoritynationalityteachers,providesspecialfinancialsupportandarrangescounterparteducationalhelpbetweentheHannationalityandtheminoritynationalityareas.Inthefourthplace,theChinesegovernmentesteemedthereligiousbeliefs,customsandhabitsofallnationalities,andstipulatedthatallnationalitieshadtherightandfreedomtodeveloptheirownlanguagesandwriting.

EvidenceshowsthatChinasnationalitypoliciesaresuccesulinmarchingacorrectroadtosolvethenationalitychallengesanddevelopallnationalities.Inthemeantime,theChinesegovernmentisawarethatbecauseofrestrictionsofhistoricalandgeographicalfactors,therestillexistsabigdifferenceindevelopmentbetweentheminoritynationalitieslivinginthewestandthoseinthesoutheastcoastalareas.Someminoritynationalitiesstillheasubsistentlifestyle,andsomeareasarerestrainedfromorunsuitableforsustainabledevelopmentbecauseofsoil,climate,andlackofequipment.AlltheseproblemsheseizedtheattentionoftheChinesegovernment,whoisactivelytakingmeasurestosolvethem.TheChinesegovernmentisconfidentthatallnationalitieswillbenefitfromtheopendoorpolicyandtherapidmodernizationdevelopment.

《中国地方文化英语导读》课程参考文献资料汇总

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杨永生知识产权出版社200313《中国古代着名科学典籍》屈宝坤北京:商务印书馆,1998.14《中国建筑文化大观》罗哲文,王振复北京大学出版社,200115《中国商业史》王孝通北京:商务印书馆,1998.16《中国文化概要》许光华汉语大词典出版200217《中国文化掠影》丁望道外语教学与研究出版社,200118《中国文化心理学心要》申荷永人民出版社200219《中国文化与自然遗产》中国国家对外汉语教学小组办公室200220《中英文化习俗比较》胡文仲杜学增外语教学与研究出版社1999

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三、音像资料类:

品名出品单位出版,日期1ChineseCulture中国文化精粹亚洲传播中心五洲传播音像出版社出版2ChineseFolkArt中国民间艺术亚洲传播中心五洲传播音像出版社出版ictureofaFlourishingSuzhou

Cityin18thCenturyInformationOfficeofSuzhouMunicipalPeople'sGovernment

&,SplendidSuccessMediaSpreadCo.LtdJiangsuElectronicAudio-VideoPublishingHouse4Suzhou&,Water苏州广播电视总台5SuzhouGardensinSixChapters苏州市华艺园林文化发展有限公司南京音像出版社

四、相关网站:

1中国传统文化通览·英汉版2Chinathebeautiful3西安翻译学院陕西英语导游精品课程网站-相关资料4中国传统文化概论jpkc.jnu.edu./zgctwh//4T_M/courseware.5chinista./suzhou/culture/culture.6202.194.15.229/xuexi/english/saychina7cgtow./home/action-forumdisplay-fid-19

试题样卷

AchievementTest

ForHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureCourse

(09'CE-R1-a,January2016)

PaperType:B

Directions:

1.Thetestlastsoneandahalfhours.Youarerequiredtofinishyourtestontime.Tokeepthetestsitequiet,wekindlyrequirethatyounothandinyourtestpaperaheadoftime.

2.PleasedoNOTbringintothetestroomanymaterialirrelevanttothetest,suchastextbooks,revisionmaterials,electronicdictionaries,municationequipment,etc.

3.PleaseprovideallnecessarypersonalinformationontheAnswerSheet.ATTENTION:PleasewriteontheAnswerSheetalltheanswersandtheTYPEofyourtestpaper.

4.Whenyourtesttimeisover,pleaseleethetestroomquietlytoguaranteeanidealtestenvironmentforothers.

5.Wethankyouverymuchfornottakingoutoftheroomanytestmaterial.

PartI.ReadingComprehension(10%)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenanswereachquestionattheendofthepassage.PleasewriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

Intheearlymorningmists,inapublicparkinWuhan,centralChina'sHubeiprovince,groupsofelderlypeoplegatherunderthetreestogreettheday.

Someperformtaichi,otherarch,bangingChinesedrums.ManyseethemembersofthisoldergenerationasguardiansofChina'shistoryandtraditions.Andsomeofthoseexercisingarestartingtowonderifthenewgenerationwillkeepthosetraditionsalive.

"Youngpeoplethinkdifferentlyfromus,"said62-year-oldDaiTaoxiang."Theyliketobefashionablesotheydon'tlikeinghere,tothepark,they'drathergotothegym."

"Nowadaysnoschoolsandnoteacherstalkabouttradition,"saidQianWenzhi."Alltheyteachishowtogetrich.It'sabigattack.They'vepletelyfotten5,000yearsofhistoryandtradition.They'vefotten."

Thoseanxietiesareeasytounderstand,giventhesuddenandrapidchangesinWuhan.TheprocessofmodernizationwhichhasalreadytranormedChina'sboomingeastcoast,bringingnewtechnologyandnewinfluencestocitieslikeWuhan.

ThatissparkingtensionbetweenthosedeterminedtosafeguardChinesetraditionsandtheyoungergeneration.

ManyyoungstersseeallthingsWesternastheheightoffashion,fromfoodtomusic.WuhanUniversity,founded112yearsagoandoneoftheoldestinChina,itsarchitecturegivesaclearsenseofitixofancientandmodern—concretefunctionalbuildingswithornatetiledChineseroofs.

Thecontrastseemedtogototheheartoftheissue—howtoembracethenewwithoutlosingtheold.

ChenFangfang,LiuDiandZhouJingweiareallsecondyearEnglishstudentshere.TheyallsaidtherapidchangesinWuhanmeanttheirlivesweretotallydifferentfromthoseoftheirparents."Whenmyparentswereatthesameageae,theydidn'thesuchhighqualityoflife,"saidLiuDi."Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,wehemoreopportunities.Theyhadtoworkonthefarm,workinthefactory,tofeedtheirfamily.Itwasveryhard,thoseyears,"shesaid.

Theothersagreed.MostsawthenewwealthinWuhanasapositivechangewhichwouldgivethemalessarduouslifestylethantheirparents.ButwhenIaskedthemiftheyalsosawdisadvantageortheirgeneration,theyagreedtheywerepayingaprice.

"Intheirtime,"saidChenFangfang,"peoplelivedtogetherinharmonyandtheneighborscaredforeachother.Theylivedtogethermuchhappierthanus.Mostofthetimeweareseparatedfromeachother.Wedon'tspendalotoftimetogether."

Theyhaddifferentviewsabouttheimpactoftradition.LiuDi,forexample,saidshedidprefertolistentotraditionalChinesefolksongs,notpop.Buttheotherstoldmeshewasverymuchtheexception.

Severalyearsago,therewerenoWestern-stylenightclubsinWuhan.Todaytheyaremushrooming.TheBlueSkycafé,whichnowhastwopremises,wasoneofthefirsttoopen,aboutfiveyearsago.OnSaturdaynightitwasbustling,servingWesternfoodlikepizzaandburgers,andWesterncocktails.Theclientelewaostlylocalpeople.

Theclub'anager,XuJun,whointroducedhimselfusinghisEnglishname,Robbie,seemedverymuchathomewiththeWesternpopmusicandmenus.

Butwhenaskedabouttradition,hesaidhesawitasimportantforWuhantomaintainabalancebetweenthenewinfluencesnowfloodinginandolderChinesetraditions."IfIheadaughterorson,Iwouldtellhim:'Westernculture,fashionandWesternfood,music—enjoyit!'"hesaid.'"Butdon'tfettraditionalculture.YouareaChinese!'"

1.WhatdoestheauthorfearforaccordingtothenewsreportaboutthebigcityinChinaandpeople'sculturallifethere

2.Istheclub'anagerfamiliarwiththeWesterncultureWhatconclusioncanwedrawfromwhathesaidintheinterview

PartII.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(20%)

Directions:PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglishandthenwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet. 对联(duilian)

西游记

农历(nongli)

药膳

织造

缂丝

舞狮

十二生肖

四合院

孔庙

PartIII.MultipleChoices(20%)

Directions:ChoosetherightanswerandwriteitontheAnswerSheet.

1.TheearliestexamplesoftheChinesewritingoriginatedfromthelogographaretheso-called________.

A.thecharacterscreatedbyCangJieB.knotsC.oracleboneinscriptions

2.WhichworksofthefollowingisthefirstnovelinthehistoryoftheChineseliteraturethatdepictsthewholedevelopmentalprocessofpeasantuprising

A.TheOutlawsoftheMarsh.

B.TheThreeKingdoms.

C.TalesoftheMake-DoStudio.

3.WhichofthefollowingstylesofresidentialbuildingisabinationofEasternandWesternarchitecture

A.TheSeal-likepound.B.TheearthenbuildingC.Shikumen

4.WhichteaisproducedinSuzhouandalsoenjoysagoodreputationinChina

A.LongjingTea.

B.BiluochunTea.

C.PuerTea.

5.WhichofthefollowingbookistheearliestexistingmonographontheChinesemedicaltheory

A.ShenNong'sPharmacopoeia.

B.TheInnerCannonoftheYellowEmperor.

C.SystematicMateriaMedidca.

6.Thesaying"Amanwhoeatsthreesquaremealsadayanddoesnotatallusehisbrainsisagood-for-nothingfellow."appearsinwhichofthefollowingphilosophicalworks.

A.AnalectsofConfucius.B.TheDoctrineofMorality.C.TheWorksofMencius.

7.Thelongestsurvivingjointmulti-spanarchbridgeinChinais___________

A.ZhaozhouBridgeB.LugouBridgeC.ThePreciousBeltBridge

8.Whichoneisthefirstspecialistartscollegeintheworld

A.Hongdumenxue.B.Jixiaxuegong.C.TheAcademiesofClassicalLearning.

9.Whichoneofthefollowingcitieswasoncetheancientdynasticcapital

A.Suzhou.B.Xuzhou.C.Nanjing.

10.ThetwowingsinSuzhouarefigurativelyreferredtoasthedistrictsof_________and_________.

A.theSuzhouIndustrialPark/theSuzhouNewDistrict

B.Wuzhong/Jingcang

C.Huqiu/Xiangcheng

PartIV.ShortAnswerQuestions(20%)

Directions:ExplainthefollowingtermsandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheetaslegiblyasyoucan.

1.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuan

2.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasion

3.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromit

4.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChinese

PartV.EssayQuestions(40%)

Directions:Chooseoneofthefollowingessayquestionsandwriteanessayaslongaspossible(atleastinnolessthan120words).PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

1.HowdoChinesenametheirfamilymembersWhatfactorsdotheytakeintoconsiderationinnamingWhatculturalconnotationightChinesenameshe

2.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades.

AchievementTest

ForHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureCourse

(09'CE-R1-a,January2016)

PaperType:A

AnswerSheet

Class______________Number_________________Name_______________Score______________ PartI.ReadingComprehension(10%)

1.FearorChina'sculturalidentity. 2.Yes,very.ButitisimportantforChinesepeopletomaintain/strikeabalancebetweenthefloodingWesterncultureandolderChinesetraditions. PartII.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(20%)

对联(duilian)Chinesecouplet

西游记JourneytotheWest

农历(nongli)theagriculturalcalendar

舞狮liondance

药膳medicinalfood/dish

织造textilebureau

四合院acourtyard

十二生肖twelvesymbolicanimals/theChineseZodiac

缂丝Kesisilk

孔庙thetempleofConfucius PartIII.MultipleChoices(20%)

Number-Answer 1C2A3B5B6A7C8A9C10A PartIV.ShortAnswerQuestions(20%)

1.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuanP217

Throughouthistory,therehebeen50zhuangyuanfromSuzhou.Mostofthemwereselectedfortheiracademicprowessandfivefortheirmartialartsability.Amongthosezhuangyuan,WengTonghefromChangshuisapersonthatdeserveentioning.Afterwinningthetitleofzhuangyuan,Wengservedasteacherfortwosuccesulemperors,TongzhiandGuangxu,enjoyingthestatusofprimeminister.

2.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasionP143

TaoihasacloserelationshipwiththeDoubleNinthFestival.Because"ninenine"soundsthesameas"forever"inChinese,theDoubleNinthFestivalisrelatedtolongevityandofficiallydefinedforSeniorCitizens.Elderpeoplewoulddrinkchrysanthemumwine,eatingcakes,andclimbingmountain.

3.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromitp208

TheYangtzeRiverDeltagenerallyprisesthetriangle-shapedterritoryofShanghai,southernJiangsuandnorthernZhejiangProvincesincludingsomeofthefastest-growingeconomiesinChina.Asagoldenchannel,theYRDhasbroughttheadvantagetothecities,suchasSuzhou,wheremanyinvestorsbothathomeandabroadareconcentrated.

4.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChineseP146

ChineseknotiseryspecialkindoftraditionalChinesefolkhandicraftwovenfromonepieceofthreadandnamedaccordingtoitsshape.As"knot"and"luck,felicity"hethesamepronunciationinChinese,Chineseknotsareoftenusedtoexpressgoodwishes,meaningreunion,friendliness,peace,warmth,marriage,andlove. PartV.EssayQuestions(40%)

Directions:Chooseoneofthefollowingessayquestionsandwriteanessayaslongaspossible(atleastinnolessthan120words).PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

30points(content15+language15) 1.HowdoChinesenametheirfamilymembersWhatfactorsdoetheytakeintoconsiderationinnamingWhatculturalconnotationightChinesenamesheP156-8

InChina,thesurnameeirst,andfollowedbythegivenname.Ifanamehastwoorthreecharacters,thefirstcharacteristhefamilynameandtherestisthegivenname.Inthepast,wheneldersnamedanewbornbaby,theytookseveralfactorsintofullconsideration,theastrologicalprinciple,thebirthdate,thearrayofthefiveelements(metal,wood,water,fire,andearth),etc.Chinesenamesusuallyheacertainmeaning,expressingsomekindofwish.Somenamesembodythelocation,timeornaturalphenomenawhenthepersonwasborn,suchasJing(Beijing),Chen(morning).Somenamesindicatetheexpressionofsomevirtues,suchasZhong(loyalty).Somenameshethemeaningofhealth,longevityandhappiness,suchasJian(health).Men'snamesusuallyhethecharactereaningpowerandvigor,suchasLong(dragon).Andthenamesoffemalesusuallyusecharactersrepresentinggentlenessandbeauty,suchasFeng(phoenix).(158wds) 2.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades.(


TowndwellersinSuzhouwereengagedinmanydifferenttradesinthepast.Butwiththeprogressoftimeanddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,people'slifestylehasgreatlychanged.Someofthetradeshegraduallyfadedawayorevenpletelydisappeared,butmanyofthemarestillindispensable.

ThemoldersofcandyfigurinesinSuzhoucanbeagoodcaseinpoint.ThemoldersofcandyfigurinesusedtohawkinlocalSuzhoudialect,whichisbothinterestingandpleasanttotheear.Whenthemolder,hawkinghiswares,cametoastreetwithmanychildreninit,hewouldstop,sitdownonthestoolandbegintomoldcandyfigurines.Childrenwouldimmediatelyetohimtowatchandbuy.Childrenoftoday,however,heawidechoiceofcandiesinmarkets,whilemoldersofcandyfigureshelongretreatedtothosefewwell-preservedancientstreetsandtownshipsthathebeemercialscenicspots.(150wds)

苏州大学教学进度表_______学年秋季学期

院别:外国语学院大学外语部教研室:一,二,三系年级,班:非英语专业本科生

课程名称:中国地方文化英语导读总学时:36-40

使用教材:《中华文明与地方文化英语导读》苏州大学出版社

任课教师:主讲教师

周次起讫日期教学内容教时分配目的要求备注1中国文化通览2了解本课程在提高大学生综合能力,加强中西文化交流方面的重要性,熟悉中国文化对世界文明的贡献和作用.问卷调查布置导读任务-12中国历史2掌握从史前到现代各历史时期的主要历史特征.3汉语言文字2掌握汉语的起源,发展以及汉字特征及书画艺术.4文化精粹2了解重要文化遗址,各历史时期文学特征以及曲艺艺术.5《汉字五千年》等观后研讨2总结前四章核心内容,讨论汉字与文化艺术,政治经济的关系.小组讨论6教育2掌握各时期的教育体制及特征,对比中西方教学理念.布置视频听写7科学2了解古代四大发明及其对世界文明的贡献,传统中医理论与诊治,中国在天文,数学,水利,农业方面的成就.8哲学2掌握儒释道三学的主要哲学思想及其对世界文明的影响.9国学,中西教学理念等研讨2通过观看视频和阅读,讨论国学在现代文明发展中仍然具有强大功能的理由或中西教育理念的差异.小组讨论10中国建筑艺术2掌握中国古建筑的艺术特征及主要建筑种类.11民俗与民间艺术2了解中国春节,端午节等主要节日,剪纸对联与中国结等民间文化艺术,以及婚礼等习俗.12日常生活2了解中国的饮食,服装,体育,娱乐等特征.布置导读任务-213江苏和长江三角洲简介2了解江苏的地理,历史,经济,文化概况.利用课外时间进行1-2次的地方文化体验14苏州概况2了解苏州的地理,历史,经济,文化概况.15苏州特写2掌握苏州及古镇水乡特色.16苏州建筑特色2了解寺观及园林的建筑特征与文化内涵.17文化与生活2了解苏州人的饮食,艺术,节日以及老行当的文化,生活特色.18课堂演示汇报

和疑2重视过程性评估.通过课外1-2次文化体验之旅,学会团队合作,借助多媒体提高英语应用和跨文化交际能力.小组课题汇报

课程教学

反馈19机动2终结性评估.复习考试

管理与评估手段

中国地方文化课演示考核评估标准和要求.doc中国地方文化英语导读课程校外文化体验小组活动历程评估表.doc

中国地方文化课程学生出勤点名表模板.xls

中国地方文化课程学生课堂座位表.doc中国地方文化课演示考核评估标准和要求

ocalCulture

Dept.________________StudentNo.____________Name______________Score___________

Title:Structure(20%)

﹡Greeting

﹡Introduction

﹡Body

﹡ClosureContent(30%)

﹡Relevance

﹡Reasoning

﹡EvidenceofResearchSoundProduction(20%)

﹡Pronunciation

﹡IntonationandRhythm

﹡Pitch

﹡PlaceandPausing

﹡Volume

﹡Stress

﹡SenseGroupLanguageUseandExpression(20%)

﹡Vocabulary

﹡CohesiveDevice

﹡AppropriateRegister

﹡SentenceStructureUseofPowerPoint(10%)

﹡Timing

﹡SuitabilityofInformation

﹡ClarityandUsefulness※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※

Keynoteorthepresentation:

(copyandpasteyourkeynoteshere,please!)

"中国地方文化英语导读"课程校外文化体验小组活动历程评估表

文化体验项目名称:项目组长:成员:班级编号:评估内容(100分)小组互评教师评分选题评价(可行性,明确性)过程评价(完整性,合适性)成果评价(条理性,创新性)小组自评:

社会体验单位的评价(如有就写):

教师评价:

团队合作性研习成绩总评:

《中国地方文化英语导读》课程单元思考题

ChineseCulture

ChapterOneGeneralSurvey

1.HowmanynaturaltopographicaldistrictsarethereinChina

2.PleasegiveabriefintroductionofthelocationofChinaanditslandarea.

3.WhatarethetopographicalfeaturesofChina

4.CayyougiveasketchofthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheChineseCulture

5.WhatarethefeaturesoftheChineseminoritynationalities

6.CanyoulistsomeofChina'snationalitypolicies

ChapterTwoHistory

1.WhatistheoriginofChinesecultureaccordingtothelegendsandmythologies

2.Canyoumakeabriefintroductiontotheearlycivilizationinchina

3.WhatmakestheChinesecivilizationuniqueinworldhistory

4.Pleasegiveabriefaccountofseverallegendaryculturalheroestoberememberedintheprehistoryperiod.

5.CanyoudescribebrieflytheideologicalandacademicmovementsintheSpring-AutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriod

6.WhatarethemaincontributionsoftheFirstEmperorortheShiHuangdi

ChapterThreeLanguage

1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheoriginofChinesecharacters

2.AreChinesecharacterspictographsCanyousaysomethingabouttheoriginanddevelopmentofChinesecharacters

3.AccordingtotheEtymologicalDictionary,whatarethesixtypesoftheChinesecharacters

4.WhatpracticalfunctionsdoescalligraphystillheDoyouthinkputerwillleadtothedisappearanceofChinesecalligraphy

5.WhydowesaytraditionalChinesepaintingisanartformbingmanydifferentformsofart

6.Canyounamethefourtreasuresofthestudy

ChapterFourCulture

1.TheMingandQingdynastieswitnessedgreatachievementsinthecreationoffiction.Pleaselistthefourmostfamousclassicalworksandchooseonetoelaborateon.

2.FolkliteratureisoneofthemostimportantponentsofancientChineseliterature.Pleaseelaborateononeofthefourgreatfolkloresyouarefamiliarwith.

3.CanyounamesomeoftherepresentativeculturalrelicsofChina

4.WhatdotheFourBooksreferto

5.CanyoumakeafulllistoftheFiveClassics

6.Canyounamesomeformsofthetraditionalperformingart

ChapterFiveEducation

1.WhenwastheimperialcivilserviceexaminationestablishedandforhowlongdiditenjoyadominantpositioninthehistoryofancientChineseeducation

2.CanyoudescribetheimperialcivilserviceexaminationintheTangDynasty

3.WhatarethefourbasicskillsanddisciplinesoftheancientChineseliterati

4.Canyoutalkaboutjixiaxuegong,thefamousstate-ownedschoolinChina'seducationalhistory

5.WhatinnovationsdidtheexaminationsystemundergointheSongDynasty

6.WhatroledidtheWesternmissionariesplayinthemoderndevelopmentofChineseeducation

ChapterSixScience

1.ListsomeofthegreatestinventionsandinnovationsofancientChina.

2.What'sthesignificanceofthefourgreatinnovationsinChina

3.PleaselistfouradvancedleadingtechnologicalachievementsofancientChina,andgiveabriefintroductionandreasonorreachingsuchanadvancedlevel.

4.WhatarethefourdiagnosticmethodsusedbydoctorsofthetraditionalChinesemedicine

5.PleasemakeabriefintroductiontothespecialtreatmentintraditionalChineseMedicine.

6.WhataresometypicaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternmedicines

ChapterSevenPhilosophy

1.LiviaKohndividedTaoiintothreecategories.Whatarethey

2.TheTraditionalChineseculturehasbeenmoldedbythethreestreamsofphilosophicaltraditions:Confuciani,TaoiandBuddhi.HowisChinesepeople'sphilosophyoflifeinfluencedbythethreestreams

3.WhatarethreephilosophicaltraditionsthathemoldedtheChineseCulture

4.WhatarethedifferentschoolsofConfuciani

5.FilialpietywasacardinalprincipleofthetraditionalChinesemorality.Canyouelaborateonthefilialpietyandmakeamentonit.

ChapterEightArchitecture

1.WhatarethefeaturesofChinesearchitecture

2.HowmanytypesofChinesearchitecturecanbecategorizedinto

3.ConfucianihasaneffectonChinesearchitecture.Canyougiveanexample

4.ThetraditionalresidentialarchitectureofChinaconsistsofsevenmajorstyles.Canyoulistthesesevenstylesandelaborateononeofthem

5.TakestonelionorexampletoexplaintheartisticanddecorativeimageofChinesearchitectureconstruction.

6.WhichisthemostfamousbridgeinyourcountryCanyoutellthedifferencebetweenitandZhaozhouBridge

7.WhatarethefourgreatclassicalgardensinChinaWhatarethekeyelementsoftheconstructionofChineseclassicalgardens

ChapterNineFolkCulture

1.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasion

2.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChinese

3.WhatfactorsdoChinesepeopletakeintoconsiderationinnaming

4.WhatistraditionalChinesecalendarsystemWhatistheGregoriancalendar

5.HowdotheChinesepeoplecelebratetheSpringFestivalWhataretheseriesofcelebrations

6.CanyouintroduceatraditionalChinesefestivalinMayWhatisthedateofitHowdowecelebratethefestival

7.DoyouknowalegendrelatedtoThePureBrightnessDayHowcanwerevitalizetheTomb-sweepingDayintoa'ThanksgivingDay'ofChinese-style

ChapterTenLife

1.WhatkindofexerciseisShuttlecockkickingHowpopularhasitbeeninChina

2.Howissing"face"characteristicallyreflectedinallaspectsoftheChineselifePleaseelaborateononeaspect

3.PleaseexplainalittlebitaboutChinesetablemannersandChineseeatinghabits.

4.PleasemakeaparisonbetweenChineseandwesterndishesandmentontheirdistinctivefeaturesrespectively.

5.WhyisChinesecuisinethoughttobeareflectionofmonocultures

LocalCulture

ChapterElevenProfile

1.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromit

2.WhatistheweatherlikeinJiangsuProvince

3.WhatarethemajoragriculturalproductsinJiangsuProvince

4.PleaselistsomemajorcitiesinJiangsuProvince.

5.PleasemakeabeliefintroductionofthecityofNanjing.

6.CanyoutalkaboutthelegendoftheGoldHillTempleinZhenjiang

7.Whichcityiscalled"PearloftheTaihuLake"Whatcraftanshipdoesthiscityboastof

8.WhyistheYangtzeRiverreferredtoasagoldenchannel

9.WhataretheadvantagesofShanghaiinitsdevelopment

10.WhatroledoesShanghaiplayinChina'ssocialandeconomicdevelopment

11.WhataretheplacesofinterestinHangzhou

12.CanyoulistsomeofthehonorsthatHangzhouhaswon

ChapterTwelveGatewaytoSuzhou

1.Howdoestheproverbdescribethetwocitiesof"paradise"intheYangtzeDeltaWhatarethesetwocities

2.CanyoudescribethegeographicallocationofSuzhou

3.AccordingtothecourtartistXuYang's13-meter-longpainting,SuzhouwasthemostflourishingindustrialandmercialcityinChina240yearago.HowhasWuZonechangedfromthe"Landofricebarn"tooneofthelargestriceimportedareaAnalyzethepossiblereasons.

4.WhatdoesPingjiangMapportray

5.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuan

6.WhatforablefactorsdoesSuzhouheasacityofZhuangyuaninhistory

7.IntheQingDynasty,ricetradeboomedaroundtheMapleBridgearea.WhatchangesdiditbringtoSuzhou

8.WhatareSuzhou'inancialcharacteristicsduringthe19thcentury

9.PleasemakeabriefintroductionofthetwolargeindustrialparksinSuzhou.

10.CanyoulistthreemainmercialdistrictsinSuzhou

11.CanyoulistsomeoftheinternationalpaniesthathesetupjointventuresinSuzhou

12.CanyougivesomereasonortheopennessofSuzhou'seconomy

13.WhatisthefirstdevelopmentzoneinSuzhou

14.PleaselistsomeofthesatellitecitiesunderthejurisdictionofSuzhou.

ChapterThirteenSuzhouCloseUp

1.Pleasegiveabriefaccountofoneofthelocalsightsthatimpressyoumost:anoldtownship,anoldwell,anoldbridge,anoldalleyway,oranoldcitygate.

2.WhatisthesignificanceofwatertoSuzhou

3.WhyisSuzhouoftenparedtoVenice

4.WhatdoestheThreeScenesofthePanmenGatereferto

5.WhatisGuangfufamouor

6.WhichbridgeisthelongestinChina

ChapterFourteenFeaturedArchitecture

1.WhatarethemajorstylesofSuzhougardens

2.WhatisthefamousTaoisttemplesituatedonGuanqianStreet

3.CanyouwritedownthenamesofSuzhougardensthatareonthelistofworldculturalheritagesites

4.WhatarethemainaestheticfeaturesoftheTaihuLakerocks

5.WhatarethefourgreatclassicalgardensinSuzhou

6.WhatarethegardensinSuzhouknownforDoyouseealotofharmonyinSuzhougardens

ChapterFifteenCultureandLife

1.WhatisSuzhoufanfamouorWhat'sspecialwithsandalwoodfans 2.PeopleinSuzhouheneverabandonedtheirlong-lastingfestivalcustoms.HowdotheyweletheNewYear 3.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades. 4.WhataspectofWuculturehasimpressedyo