中国地方文化英语导读
《中华文明与地方文化英文导读》
HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandSuzhouCulture
Preface
WhentheOlympicsopenedonAugust8,2016inBeijing,wesawChinesecivilizationandnationalharmonybeingshowcased.HereiswhatWesternmediawereexcitedabout:"TheworldseesChinaasitseesitselfandasitwantstobeseenbytheworld.TheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicswasaboutChinashistoricalachievementsanditsdreamsoffuturesuccess."TherichChineseculturalheritageandcivilizationdemonstratedintheopeningceremonyoftheBeijingOlympicadetheworldfascinated.China,anancientandbeautifullandwithalonghistory,hasnotonlynurturedcountlessgenerationsoftheChinesepeople,butalsocreatedsplendidcivilizationinphilosophy,history,education,scienceandtechnology,ethics,morality,culturalidentity,nationalcharacter,lifeorientation,socialorder,folksandcustoms,whicharealsoindispensablepartsoftheworldculture.Inthelonghistoricaldevelopment,theChinesecivilizationhaadeuniquecontributionstotheworld.
Chinesecivilizationhasahistoryover5,000years,anditisnotpossibleforanysinglebooktocoveralltheaspects.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureonlyprovidesageneralintroduction,attemptingtoinspirefurtherinterestandexploration.Inthe21stcentury,theworldhasweledaneraofnewculturalintegration,withdifferentculturesacceleratingtheirglobalizationprocesses.AsChinaneedstoabsorbtheexcellentaspectsoftheworldcultureoritodernizationprogress,theworld,whethertheEastortheWest,alsoneedstotakeinChineseculturalelementorfurtherdevelopment.Alsointhe21stcentury,ChinaneedstoknowabouttheworldmoreandtheworldneedstounderstandChinabetter.TheintroductionofChineseknowledge,cultureandtraditionwillcertainlyhelptheworldtoheabetterinsightintoChina.
TointroducetheChinesecultureandcivilizationtotheworld,collegeEnglishteachingbearstheresponsibility.CollegeEnglishCurriculumRequirementsstipulatedtheobjectiveofcollegeEnglishteachinginthenewcenturyis"todevelopstudentsabilitytouseEnglishinanallroundway,especiallyinlisteningandspeaking,sothatintheirfutureworkandsocialintercoursestheywillbeabletoexchangeinformationeffectivelythroughbothspokenandwrittenchannelsandimprovetheirculturalqualitysoastomeettheneedsofChinassocialdevelopmentandinternationalexchanges".HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureaimstodevelopcollegeEnglishlearnerssustainableabilitytouseEnglishinanallroundway.EnglishinChinaisaforeignlanguage,andEnglishlearningcannotbeseparatedfromthenativeculture.Englishteaching,whetherintheformoflisteningandspeakinginstructionorinthemeansofreadingandwritingtraining,mustbeendowedwithnew,concreteandpracticalteachingmaterialsandcontents.TheintroductionoftheChineseculturalknowledge,includingregionalculturalelements,notonlyprovidesvividandunderstandableteachingmaterialorcollegeEnglishlearners,butalsoenablescollegeEnglishlearnerstoaccuratelyandproperlyexpressChineseculturalinformationinbothspokenandwrittenchannels.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCulturehopestoimprovecollegeEnglishlearnersculturalquality.AarasEnglishlearnersculturalqualityisconcerned,twoculturesarecertainlyinvolvedatleast,EnglishcultureandChineseculture.Unfortunately,thereexistsobviousdeficiency(somescholarsusetheterm"aphasia")intheinstructionoftheChineselanguageandcultureforcollegeEnglishlearners."Chineseeducationhasbeeaproblemnotonlyinforeignlanguagefield,butalsoinallacademiccircles."Thisdeficiencymakes,tosomeextent,ChineseEnglishlearnersignorantofproperChineseculturalexpressions,affectsthecultivationoftheirtranslationability,andhinderstheimprovementoftheirprehensiveculturalquality.HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureexpectstopromotecollegeEnglishlearnerscrossculturalmunication.
Crossculturalmunicationistheinformationexchangeanddialoguebetweenandamongdifferentcultures.Obviously,theintroductionofEnglishculturealonecannotmeetalltheneedsofcrossculturalmunication,becausecrossculturalmunicationalsomeanstopromotetotheworldtraditionalChineseculturalelements.TomeettheneedsofChinassocialdevelopmentandinternationalexchanges,collegeEnglishlearnerscrossculturalmunicationpracticelieoreinintroducingChineseculturalknowledge.
HighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureinaccordancewith"institutionsofhigherlearningshouldsettheirownobjectivesinthelightoftheirspecificcircumstance",introducesthehighlightsofthelocalculture,withanaimtoprovidecollegeEnglishlearnerswithbetteropportunitieorregionaldevelopmentandgrowth.
ThepilersofHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCulturesincerelyhopethatthebookwillarousecollegeEnglishlearnersgreaterinterestinChinesecultureintheircollegestudyandhebettercrossculturalmunicationperformanceintheirfutureworkandsocialintercourses.
Contents
PartOneChineseCivilization
Chapter1GeneralSurvey3
Ⅰ.Geography3
Ⅱ.Nationality4
Chapter2History12
Ⅰ.Pre-HistoricalTime12
Ⅱ.EarlyHistory18
Ⅲ.ImperialEra21
Ⅳ.ModernPeriod26
Chapter3Language29
Ⅰ.Origin29
Ⅱ.Development31
Ⅲ.Character33
Ⅳ.FourTreasures35
Chapter4Culture39
Ⅰ.CulturalRelic39
Ⅱ.LiteraryWork45
Ⅲ.PerformingArt59
Chapter5Education66
Ⅰ.AncientAchievement67
Ⅱ.ModernDevelopment76
Chapter6Science79
Ⅰ.FourGreatInventions80
Ⅱ.TraditionalMedicine82
Ⅲ.WorldLeadingAchievement88
Chapter7Philosophy92
Ⅰ.Confuciani92
Ⅱ.Taoi97
Ⅲ.Buddhi101
Ⅳ.ChristianityandIslam104
Chapter8Architecture107
Ⅰ.Feature107
Ⅱ.Type109
Ⅲ.Craftanship127
Chapter9FolkCulture130
Ⅰ.LunarCalendar130
Ⅱ.TraditionalHoliday133
Ⅲ.RitualPractice145
Ⅳ.Custom151
Chapter10Life159
Ⅰ.DieteticCulture159
Ⅱ.Costume175
Ⅲ.Sport183
Ⅳ.Entertainment190
PartTwoLocalCulture
Chapter11Profile199
Ⅰ.JiangsuProvince199
Ⅱ.YangtzeDelta208
Chapter12GatewaytoSuzhou214
Ⅰ.HistoricalBriefing215
Ⅱ.Achievement217
Ⅲ.Development222
Chapter13SuzhouCloseUp230
Ⅰ.Suzhou,VeniceintheOrient231
Ⅱ.HistoricalTownship240
Chapter14FeaturedArchitecture250
Ⅰ.TempleandPagoda251
Ⅱ.GovernmentBuildingandGuildHall256
Ⅲ.ClassicalGarden260
Chapter15CultureandLife276
Ⅰ.LanguageandArt277
Ⅱ.Handicraft288
Ⅲ.Cuisine295
Ⅳ.Festival302
Ⅴ.Lifestyle305
References312
Chapter1GeneralSurvey
Ⅰ.Geography
ChinaliesintheeastofAsiaandwestofthePacificOcean,backingthelandandfacingthesea.CoveringonefourthoftheAsianlandarea,oronefifteenthofthatoftheworld,ChinastartsinthenorthfromthecentrallineofthemainchanneloftheHeilongjiangRiver,extendingsouthtotheZengmuReefoftheNanshaIslands,withanorthsouthlengthof5,500km.BeginningintheeastattheconfluenceofthemainchannelsoftheHeilongjiangandtheWusulijiangRivers,ChinareachesthePamierPlateauinXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegioninthewest,withaeastwestdistanceof5,000km.Chinastopographyvariesinalltypes,includingmountainousregions,plateaus,hills,basins,plains,Gobi,deserts,andces,whicharealltypicalandmagnificent.TheQingzangPlateau,called"theroofoftheworld",isthehigheststepinChinasthreesteptopography,descendinggraduallyfromthewesttotheeast,withanerageelevationof4,000m.AroundthehigheststeparetheKunlunMountain,theQilianMountain,theLongmenMountain,andtheDaliangMountain.Attheeastedgeofthelowsteplieshallowseaslopeswhicharenomorethan200mdeep.MountQomolangmaintheborderingareabetweenChinaandNepalisthehighestpeakontheearth.Thewholecountrycanbedividedintothreenaturaltopographicaldistricts:theeasternmoistmonsoonareaswithrunningwaters,thenorthwesterndroughtareaswithamixtureofwinderosions,iceerosionsandrunningwaters,theQingzanghighandcoldareaswithicecoldandwinderosions.Chinaisoneofthecountriesintheworldwhichhethemostrivers.Thereareover1,500riverscovering1,000km2inarea.ThemostfamousonesaretheYangtzeRiver,thelongestinChinaandAsiaandthethirdlongestintheworld,andtheHuangheRiver(alsocalledtheYellowRiver),thesecondlongestinChina.Therearealsomanymanmaderivers,ofwhich,theGrandCanalistheoldestandthelongestintheworld.StartingfromBeijinginthenorthandendingatHangzhouinthesouth,theCanal,withatotallengthof1,800km,flowsthroughBeijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,JiangsuandZhejiangandconnectstheriversystemsoftheHaiheRiver,theHuangheRiver,theHuaiheRiver,theYangtzeRiver,andtheQiantangjiangRiver.The2000yearoldCanal,aamousastheGreatWall,hasplayedveryimportanttransportationandirrigationroleromthenorthtothesouth.Chinasrivers,bytheirflowcirculationpatterns,canbedividedintoexternalandinternalrivers.
Ⅱ.Nationality
Chinaisaunifiedmultinationalcountry.Eversincetheancienttime,theHannationalityandtheminoritynationalitieshealtogetherexperiencedhistoricalupsanddowns.Togetherthesenationalitieshedevelopedthisvastandfertileland,createdthesplendidChinesehistoryandculture,andmadegreatcontributionstotheunificationofChina.ThecurrentChinesenationconsistsof56nationalities,ofwhich,theHannationalitycovers91%ofthewholepopulation.ThefollowingareintroductionsoftheChineseminoritynationalities.1.PopulationandDistributionBeginningfrom1953,Chinahasanizedfourlargescalenationalityidentificationinvestigations.By1954,theChinesegovernmenthadidentified38nationalities.Furtherto1964,another15hadbeenidentified.TheGebanationalitywasidentifiedin1965andJinuoin1979.In2000,thetotalChinesepopulationwas1.26583billion,ofwhich,theHannationalityhad1.15940billion(91.59%),andtheminoritynationalitiescovered106.43million(8.41%).Also,ofthe55minoritynationalities,18hadapopulationover1million.TheyweretheMongolia,theHui,theZang,andtheZhuang.Therewerealso15minoritynationalities,suchastheLili,theWa,andtheFannationalities,whosepopulationwaorethan100,000butfewerthan1million.Another15minoritynationalitieshadapopulationmorethan10,000butfewerthan100,000,forexample,theBrown,theShala,andtheMaonannationalitieswereincluded.Therewerestillanothersevenminoritynationalitieswhosepopulationwaewerthan10,000.TheyweretheMenba,theElunchun,andtheDulongnationalitieswereincluded.Therewereanother734,000peoplewhosenationalitieswerenotidentified.Theminoritynationalities,fewerthan10%ofthewholepopulation,wereextensivelydistributedovertheautonomousregionscoveringover60%ofthewholeland.Becauseofhistoricalandgeographicalreasons,therewasasharpdifferenceinpopulationdensitybetweentheminoritynationalitiesandtheHannationalityinthecoastalareas.Ingeneral,thedistributionsoftheChineseminoritynationalitieshetheirownfeatures.Firstly,thereareallbutmixedinhabitations.Theminoritynationalitieostlyliveinthesouthwest,northwest,northeastprovincesandautonomousregions.The1,200nationalmunes,120autonomousbanners,and30autonomouscountiesinfiveautonomousregionsofInnerMongolia,Xinjiang,Tibet,GuangxiandNingxiaarethelivingareasoftheminoritynationalities.ButintheabovementionedareasalsolivemanyHannationalitypeople.Forexample,inInnerMongolia,GuangxiandNingxia,thepopulationoftheHannationalityexceedsthepopulationoftheminoritynationalities.Similarly,theHannationalitylivingareasarealsoinhabitedbymanyminoritynationalities.Secondly,thereisextensivedistribution.Theminoritynationalitieainlyliveinthewesternandfrontierareas.Thefiguresofthepopulationcensusin2000indicatedthatallnationalitieswereevenlydistributedin30provincesandregions,and29nationalitiesweredistributedinallprovincesandregions.11provincesandregionshad56nationalities,whichtookup35.5%ofthetotalprovincesandregions.Thepopulationcensusin2000indicatedthatthetotalminoritynationalitypopulationinGuangxi,Yunnan,GuizhouandXinjiangcoveredoverahalfofthewholeminoritynationalitypopulation.(1)ReligiousBeliefMostminoritynationalitieshetheirownreligiousbeliefs.Inthelongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment,religionshehadinfluenceontheeconomies,cultures,customsandhabitsoftheminoritynationalities.Someminoritynationalitiescollectivelybelieveinacertainreligion.Forexample,10minoritynationalitiesbelieveinIslam,threeofwhicharetheHui,theUygur,andtheKazakh.Someotherminoritynationalitiesstillfollowsometraditionalrituals,includingancestorworships,totem,witchery,andSaman.SomeofthesearetheDulong,theNu,theJingpo,theGaoshanandtheElunchunnationalities.(2)CustomandHabitThedifferentgeographicallocations,religiousbeliefs,workingwaysandlifestylesheenabledtheminoritynationalitiestoheformeddifferentcustomsandhabits,whicharedemonstratedinfoodanddrink,dailyliving,clothing,festivalandentertainment.TheZangnationalityshowscourtesybypresentingHadaandtheBainationalityshowsrespectbyoffering"threecoursesoftea".Infoodanddrink,theDongnationalitypreferscamelliaoiltea.TheUygurnationalitydrinkssugartea.TheZangnationalitylikeilkteaandbuttertea.TheMongoliannationalitydrinksbricktea,withsaltandcoworsheepmilkadded.TheHuinationalityoidspork,donkey,mule,horseanddogmeat.Generallytheyeatbeef,mutton,chicken,andfishinstead.TheMiaonationalitylikestoastdogmeat.TheUygurpeoplehethepracticeofroastingmuttoncubes.Thelivingarchitecturesoftheminoritynationalitiesaredifferentlyfeatured.ThebamboobuildingoftheDainationality,thesoilpiledearthenhouseoftheYinationality,thetentoftheMongoliannationality,andthescreenwallsoftheBainationalityalldemonstratethewisdomtocoexistwiththenature.Xishuangbannaisthefamouslandofbamboo,andtheDaipeopletherecreatebuildingademostlyofbamboo.TheMongoliansresideongrasslandsandliveonanimalhusbandry,andtheireasilydiountableandportabletentsareverysuitableformigratingherdentolivein.Thenationalcostumesaretherepresentativepartsinthenationalcustomsandcultures.Differentnationalitieshedifferentcostumes,whichstillshowgreatdifferencesinsubfaction,livinglocation,gender,andage.Theminoritynationalitycostumesvaryinstyleandtype.AlthoughtheYinationalityprefersdeepcoloreddress,theyhemorethanahundredvarietiesofdresses.TheMiaonationalityissaidtohemorethanonehundredsubfactionsandeachsubfactionhasitsownstylesofclothing.TheBainationalitypeoplelikewhitecolor,whichtheyregardasnobleandincorporatewhitejacketsaspartoftheircostumes.TheZangnationalityisdividedintopastoralandagriculturalareas.Inthepastoralareas,malesandfemalesallwearhighheeledbootsorleathershoes,andsheepskingowns.Theselonggownsheacollarandlargesleeves.ThemalecostumesoftheZangpeopleintheagriculturalareaarebasicallythesameasthoseinthepastoralareas,butwomengenerallywearlongblackgowns,waistwraps,andsometimesaanyastensilkknitflowerbeltstoshowtheirwealth.Allnationalitieshetheirowntraditionalfestivals.TheDragonBoatFestivaloftheMiaonationalityandtheJuneFestivaloftheHaninationalityarememorativefestivals.TheWaterSplashingFestivaloftheDai,theTorchingFestivaloftheYi,theZangCalendarYearoftheZang,andtheFastBreakingFestivaloftheHui,andtheUygurareallcelebrativeones.TheFlowerJumpingFairFestivaloftheBuyi,theWhippingTopFestivaloftheZhuang,theWrestlingFestivaloftheDong,theDragonKingFairinthethirdmonthoftheyearoftheNaxi,andtheNadamFairoftheMongoliaareallrecreationalfestivals.Atthesefestivals,congratulating,greeting,singing,dancing,andgatheringtocelebrateapart,someminoritynationalitiesholdpetitiveactivitiessuchassheepsnatching,horseracingandharnessing,andwrestling.2.Language,CharacterandCultureAlmostallminoritynationalitieshetheirownnationallanguages,butofwhichonly21hetheirownwritingsystems.ThelanguagesofChinainoritynationalitiesbelongtodifferentlanguagefamilies.19minoritylanguagesbelongtotheHanZangfamily,includingthelanguagesoftheZhuang,theZang,theBuyi,theTaiandtheDong,and16minoritylanguagesbelongtotheArtaifamily,includingtheUygur,theKazakh,andtheMongolia.ThelanguagesoftheWa,theBrownandtheDeangnationalitiesbelongtotheSouthAsianfamily.ThelanguagesspokenbytheTadzhikandtheRussianminoritiesbelongtotheIndianEuropeanfamily.Theminoritynationalities,intheirlonghistoricaldevelopment,createdmanysplendidanduniqueculturalarts.Crossstitchwork,embroidery,brocadeweing,waxprinting,andornamentmakingarerepresentativeones.TheornamentadebytheMiaoarebright,colorfulandworldfamous,andthecalligraphyandpaintingoftheZangarewellposedwithorientalfeatures.Themyths,legends,tales,balladsoftheminoritynationalitiesexploreintothehistoryandthesociety,folksandcustoms,andlifeandhabits.Asearlyasatthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theZangnationalityhaddocumentswrittenintheirownlanguage,whosecontentswereasrichasthoseoftheHannationality.TheDongbawritingincludedsuchuniqueliteraryworksastheDongbaClassics,andlongepicsoftheEpochCreation.Theminoritynationalitiesheretainedtheirtraditionalmusicanddances.Mostminoritynationalitiesaregoodatsinginganddancing,andquiteoftentheyincorporatesinginganddancingindailyworkandtheirnationalfestivals.TheMiaonationalityisveryskilledinlushengdance.Accordingtohistoricaldocumentation,lusheng,amusicalinstrument,hasahistoryofover3,000years.Fromtheveryancienttime,whenlushengwasplayed,ithadalwaysbeenacpaniedbydance.Lushengperformancesvary.Insomeareas,whenlushengisplayed,solodancesandpasdedeuxaremon.ButintheMiaoareaofthesoutheasternGuizhou,lushengtreadingiagnificentinscale.Whileplaying,Lushengblowersskillfullydosuchdifficultmovementsasstandingupsidedown,rolling,suspending,poleclimbing,andformingapyramid.Theminoritynationalitiesalsohemanyplacesofbothhistoricinterestandscenicbeauty,forexample,thePotalaPalace,theZebengTemple,theSelaTemple,theGandanTempleinLasha,theTaerTempleinQinghai,theThousandBuddhaHoleatKezierinXinjiang,andtheBuluotuoRelicsoftheZhuanginGuangxi.3.NationalityPolicyChinaisamultinationalcountry,andtheunityamongallnationalitiesisimperative.Forthestateunificationandstability,theChinesegovernmenthaormulatedaseriesofnationalitypolicies.Inthefirstplace,equalityandunityamongallnationalitiesarestipulatedintheChineseConstitution.Thenationalityautonomoussystem,togetherwiththePeoplesCongresssystemandthepoliticalconsultativesystemamongallpoliticalpartiesundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina,isoneofthethreebasicpoliticalsystemsinChina.
Inthesecondplace,theChinesegovernmenthaspromotedthemutualdevelopmentandprosperityofallnationalitiesbysparingnoeffortsintodevelopingtheculturalandeconomiccausesintheareasinhabitedbytheminoritynationalities,adoptingseriesofspecialpoliciesandmeasurestohelpandsupportthedevelopmentoftheminoritynationalityareas,andcallinguponandanizingthedevelopedHannationalityareastooffersupport.Inthethirdplace,greatimportanceisattachedtothedevelopmentofthescientific,educational,cultural,andhealthneedsintheminoritynationalityareas.Aarastheminorityeducationisconcerned,thestategivestherightfortheautonomousregionstodeveloptheirownnationalityeducation.Thestatealsoattachesimportancetothenationalitylanguageandbilingualeducations,enhancesthetrainingofminoritynationalityteachers,providesspecialfinancialsupportandarrangescounterparteducationalhelpbetweentheHannationalityandtheminoritynationalityareas.Inthefourthplace,theChinesegovernmentesteemedthereligiousbeliefs,customsandhabitsofallnationalities,andstipulatedthatallnationalitieshadtherightandfreedomtodeveloptheirownlanguagesandwriting.
EvidenceshowsthatChinasnationalitypoliciesaresuccesulinmarchingacorrectroadtosolvethenationalitychallengesanddevelopallnationalities.Inthemeantime,theChinesegovernmentisawarethatbecauseofrestrictionsofhistoricalandgeographicalfactors,therestillexistsabigdifferenceindevelopmentbetweentheminoritynationalitieslivinginthewestandthoseinthesoutheastcoastalareas.Someminoritynationalitiesstillheasubsistentlifestyle,andsomeareasarerestrainedfromorunsuitableforsustainabledevelopmentbecauseofsoil,climate,andlackofequipment.AlltheseproblemsheseizedtheattentionoftheChinesegovernment,whoisactivelytakingmeasurestosolvethem.TheChinesegovernmentisconfidentthatallnationalitieswillbenefitfromtheopendoorpolicyandtherapidmodernizationdevelopment.
《中国地方文化英语导读》课程参考文献资料汇总
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四、相关网站:
1中国传统文化通览·英汉版2Chinathebeautiful3西安翻译学院陕西英语导游精品课程网站-相关资料4中国传统文化概论jpkc.jnu.edu./zgctwh//4T_M/courseware.5chinista./suzhou/culture/culture.6202.194.15.229/xuexi/english/saychina7cgtow./home/action-forumdisplay-fid-19
试题样卷
AchievementTest
ForHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureCourse
(09'CE-R1-a,January2016)
PaperType:B
Directions:
1.Thetestlastsoneandahalfhours.Youarerequiredtofinishyourtestontime.Tokeepthetestsitequiet,wekindlyrequirethatyounothandinyourtestpaperaheadoftime.
2.PleasedoNOTbringintothetestroomanymaterialirrelevanttothetest,suchastextbooks,revisionmaterials,electronicdictionaries,municationequipment,etc.
3.PleaseprovideallnecessarypersonalinformationontheAnswerSheet.ATTENTION:PleasewriteontheAnswerSheetalltheanswersandtheTYPEofyourtestpaper.
4.Whenyourtesttimeisover,pleaseleethetestroomquietlytoguaranteeanidealtestenvironmentforothers.
5.Wethankyouverymuchfornottakingoutoftheroomanytestmaterial.
PartI.ReadingComprehension(10%)
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenanswereachquestionattheendofthepassage.PleasewriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
Intheearlymorningmists,inapublicparkinWuhan,centralChina'sHubeiprovince,groupsofelderlypeoplegatherunderthetreestogreettheday.
Someperformtaichi,otherarch,bangingChinesedrums.ManyseethemembersofthisoldergenerationasguardiansofChina'shistoryandtraditions.Andsomeofthoseexercisingarestartingtowonderifthenewgenerationwillkeepthosetraditionsalive.
"Youngpeoplethinkdifferentlyfromus,"said62-year-oldDaiTaoxiang."Theyliketobefashionablesotheydon'tlikeinghere,tothepark,they'drathergotothegym."
"Nowadaysnoschoolsandnoteacherstalkabouttradition,"saidQianWenzhi."Alltheyteachishowtogetrich.It'sabigattack.They'vepletelyfotten5,000yearsofhistoryandtradition.They'vefotten."
Thoseanxietiesareeasytounderstand,giventhesuddenandrapidchangesinWuhan.TheprocessofmodernizationwhichhasalreadytranormedChina'sboomingeastcoast,bringingnewtechnologyandnewinfluencestocitieslikeWuhan.
ThatissparkingtensionbetweenthosedeterminedtosafeguardChinesetraditionsandtheyoungergeneration.
ManyyoungstersseeallthingsWesternastheheightoffashion,fromfoodtomusic.WuhanUniversity,founded112yearsagoandoneoftheoldestinChina,itsarchitecturegivesaclearsenseofitixofancientandmodern—concretefunctionalbuildingswithornatetiledChineseroofs.
Thecontrastseemedtogototheheartoftheissue—howtoembracethenewwithoutlosingtheold.
ChenFangfang,LiuDiandZhouJingweiareallsecondyearEnglishstudentshere.TheyallsaidtherapidchangesinWuhanmeanttheirlivesweretotallydifferentfromthoseoftheirparents."Whenmyparentswereatthesameageae,theydidn'thesuchhighqualityoflife,"saidLiuDi."Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,wehemoreopportunities.Theyhadtoworkonthefarm,workinthefactory,tofeedtheirfamily.Itwasveryhard,thoseyears,"shesaid.
Theothersagreed.MostsawthenewwealthinWuhanasapositivechangewhichwouldgivethemalessarduouslifestylethantheirparents.ButwhenIaskedthemiftheyalsosawdisadvantageortheirgeneration,theyagreedtheywerepayingaprice.
"Intheirtime,"saidChenFangfang,"peoplelivedtogetherinharmonyandtheneighborscaredforeachother.Theylivedtogethermuchhappierthanus.Mostofthetimeweareseparatedfromeachother.Wedon'tspendalotoftimetogether."
Theyhaddifferentviewsabouttheimpactoftradition.LiuDi,forexample,saidshedidprefertolistentotraditionalChinesefolksongs,notpop.Buttheotherstoldmeshewasverymuchtheexception.
Severalyearsago,therewerenoWestern-stylenightclubsinWuhan.Todaytheyaremushrooming.TheBlueSkycafé,whichnowhastwopremises,wasoneofthefirsttoopen,aboutfiveyearsago.OnSaturdaynightitwasbustling,servingWesternfoodlikepizzaandburgers,andWesterncocktails.Theclientelewaostlylocalpeople.
Theclub'anager,XuJun,whointroducedhimselfusinghisEnglishname,Robbie,seemedverymuchathomewiththeWesternpopmusicandmenus.
Butwhenaskedabouttradition,hesaidhesawitasimportantforWuhantomaintainabalancebetweenthenewinfluencesnowfloodinginandolderChinesetraditions."IfIheadaughterorson,Iwouldtellhim:'Westernculture,fashionandWesternfood,music—enjoyit!'"hesaid.'"Butdon'tfettraditionalculture.YouareaChinese!'"
1.WhatdoestheauthorfearforaccordingtothenewsreportaboutthebigcityinChinaandpeople'sculturallifethere
2.Istheclub'anagerfamiliarwiththeWesterncultureWhatconclusioncanwedrawfromwhathesaidintheinterview
PartII.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(20%)
Directions:PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglishandthenwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.对联(duilian)
西游记
农历(nongli)
药膳
织造
缂丝
舞狮
十二生肖
四合院
孔庙
PartIII.MultipleChoices(20%)
Directions:ChoosetherightanswerandwriteitontheAnswerSheet.
1.TheearliestexamplesoftheChinesewritingoriginatedfromthelogographaretheso-called________.
A.thecharacterscreatedbyCangJieB.knotsC.oracleboneinscriptions
2.WhichworksofthefollowingisthefirstnovelinthehistoryoftheChineseliteraturethatdepictsthewholedevelopmentalprocessofpeasantuprising
A.TheOutlawsoftheMarsh.
B.TheThreeKingdoms.
C.TalesoftheMake-DoStudio.
3.WhichofthefollowingstylesofresidentialbuildingisabinationofEasternandWesternarchitecture
A.TheSeal-likepound.B.TheearthenbuildingC.Shikumen
4.WhichteaisproducedinSuzhouandalsoenjoysagoodreputationinChina
A.LongjingTea.
B.BiluochunTea.
C.PuerTea.
5.WhichofthefollowingbookistheearliestexistingmonographontheChinesemedicaltheory
A.ShenNong'sPharmacopoeia.
B.TheInnerCannonoftheYellowEmperor.
C.SystematicMateriaMedidca.
6.Thesaying"Amanwhoeatsthreesquaremealsadayanddoesnotatallusehisbrainsisagood-for-nothingfellow."appearsinwhichofthefollowingphilosophicalworks.
A.AnalectsofConfucius.B.TheDoctrineofMorality.C.TheWorksofMencius.
7.Thelongestsurvivingjointmulti-spanarchbridgeinChinais___________
A.ZhaozhouBridgeB.LugouBridgeC.ThePreciousBeltBridge
8.Whichoneisthefirstspecialistartscollegeintheworld
A.Hongdumenxue.B.Jixiaxuegong.C.TheAcademiesofClassicalLearning.
9.Whichoneofthefollowingcitieswasoncetheancientdynasticcapital
A.Suzhou.B.Xuzhou.C.Nanjing.
10.ThetwowingsinSuzhouarefigurativelyreferredtoasthedistrictsof_________and_________.
A.theSuzhouIndustrialPark/theSuzhouNewDistrict
B.Wuzhong/Jingcang
C.Huqiu/Xiangcheng
PartIV.ShortAnswerQuestions(20%)
Directions:ExplainthefollowingtermsandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheetaslegiblyasyoucan.
1.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuan
2.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasion
3.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromit
4.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChinese
PartV.EssayQuestions(40%)
Directions:Chooseoneofthefollowingessayquestionsandwriteanessayaslongaspossible(atleastinnolessthan120words).PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.
1.HowdoChinesenametheirfamilymembersWhatfactorsdotheytakeintoconsiderationinnamingWhatculturalconnotationightChinesenameshe
2.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades.
AchievementTest
ForHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureCourse
(09'CE-R1-a,January2016)
PaperType:A
AnswerSheet
Class______________Number_________________Name_______________Score______________PartI.ReadingComprehension(10%)
1.FearorChina'sculturalidentity.2.Yes,very.ButitisimportantforChinesepeopletomaintain/strikeabalancebetweenthefloodingWesterncultureandolderChinesetraditions.PartII.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(20%)
对联(duilian)Chinesecouplet
西游记JourneytotheWest
农历(nongli)theagriculturalcalendar
舞狮liondance
药膳medicinalfood/dish
织造textilebureau
四合院acourtyard
十二生肖twelvesymbolicanimals/theChineseZodiac
缂丝Kesisilk
孔庙thetempleofConfuciusPartIII.MultipleChoices(20%)
Number-Answer1C2A3B5B6A7C8A9C10APartIV.ShortAnswerQuestions(20%)
1.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuanP217
Throughouthistory,therehebeen50zhuangyuanfromSuzhou.Mostofthemwereselectedfortheiracademicprowessandfivefortheirmartialartsability.Amongthosezhuangyuan,WengTonghefromChangshuisapersonthatdeserveentioning.Afterwinningthetitleofzhuangyuan,Wengservedasteacherfortwosuccesulemperors,TongzhiandGuangxu,enjoyingthestatusofprimeminister.
2.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasionP143
TaoihasacloserelationshipwiththeDoubleNinthFestival.Because"ninenine"soundsthesameas"forever"inChinese,theDoubleNinthFestivalisrelatedtolongevityandofficiallydefinedforSeniorCitizens.Elderpeoplewoulddrinkchrysanthemumwine,eatingcakes,andclimbingmountain.
3.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromitp208
TheYangtzeRiverDeltagenerallyprisesthetriangle-shapedterritoryofShanghai,southernJiangsuandnorthernZhejiangProvincesincludingsomeofthefastest-growingeconomiesinChina.Asagoldenchannel,theYRDhasbroughttheadvantagetothecities,suchasSuzhou,wheremanyinvestorsbothathomeandabroadareconcentrated.
4.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChineseP146
ChineseknotiseryspecialkindoftraditionalChinesefolkhandicraftwovenfromonepieceofthreadandnamedaccordingtoitsshape.As"knot"and"luck,felicity"hethesamepronunciationinChinese,Chineseknotsareoftenusedtoexpressgoodwishes,meaningreunion,friendliness,peace,warmth,marriage,andlove.PartV.EssayQuestions(40%)
Directions:Chooseoneofthefollowingessayquestionsandwriteanessayaslongaspossible(atleastinnolessthan120words).PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.
30points(content15+language15)1.HowdoChinesenametheirfamilymembersWhatfactorsdoetheytakeintoconsiderationinnamingWhatculturalconnotationightChinesenamesheP156-8
InChina,thesurnameeirst,andfollowedbythegivenname.Ifanamehastwoorthreecharacters,thefirstcharacteristhefamilynameandtherestisthegivenname.Inthepast,wheneldersnamedanewbornbaby,theytookseveralfactorsintofullconsideration,theastrologicalprinciple,thebirthdate,thearrayofthefiveelements(metal,wood,water,fire,andearth),etc.Chinesenamesusuallyheacertainmeaning,expressingsomekindofwish.Somenamesembodythelocation,timeornaturalphenomenawhenthepersonwasborn,suchasJing(Beijing),Chen(morning).Somenamesindicatetheexpressionofsomevirtues,suchasZhong(loyalty).Somenameshethemeaningofhealth,longevityandhappiness,suchasJian(health).Men'snamesusuallyhethecharactereaningpowerandvigor,suchasLong(dragon).Andthenamesoffemalesusuallyusecharactersrepresentinggentlenessandbeauty,suchasFeng(phoenix).(158wds)2.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades.(
TowndwellersinSuzhouwereengagedinmanydifferenttradesinthepast.Butwiththeprogressoftimeanddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,people'slifestylehasgreatlychanged.Someofthetradeshegraduallyfadedawayorevenpletelydisappeared,butmanyofthemarestillindispensable.
ThemoldersofcandyfigurinesinSuzhoucanbeagoodcaseinpoint.ThemoldersofcandyfigurinesusedtohawkinlocalSuzhoudialect,whichisbothinterestingandpleasanttotheear.Whenthemolder,hawkinghiswares,cametoastreetwithmanychildreninit,hewouldstop,sitdownonthestoolandbegintomoldcandyfigurines.Childrenwouldimmediatelyetohimtowatchandbuy.Childrenoftoday,however,heawidechoiceofcandiesinmarkets,whilemoldersofcandyfigureshelongretreatedtothosefewwell-preservedancientstreetsandtownshipsthathebeemercialscenicspots.(150wds)
苏州大学教学进度表_______学年秋季学期
院别:外国语学院大学外语部教研室:一,二,三系年级,班:非英语专业本科生
课程名称:中国地方文化英语导读总学时:36-40
使用教材:《中华文明与地方文化英语导读》苏州大学出版社
任课教师:主讲教师
周次起讫日期教学内容教时分配目的要求备注1中国文化通览2了解本课程在提高大学生综合能力,加强中西文化交流方面的重要性,熟悉中国文化对世界文明的贡献和作用.问卷调查布置导读任务-12中国历史2掌握从史前到现代各历史时期的主要历史特征.3汉语言文字2掌握汉语的起源,发展以及汉字特征及书画艺术.4文化精粹2了解重要文化遗址,各历史时期文学特征以及曲艺艺术.5《汉字五千年》等观后研讨2总结前四章核心内容,讨论汉字与文化艺术,政治经济的关系.小组讨论6教育2掌握各时期的教育体制及特征,对比中西方教学理念.布置视频听写7科学2了解古代四大发明及其对世界文明的贡献,传统中医理论与诊治,中国在天文,数学,水利,农业方面的成就.8哲学2掌握儒释道三学的主要哲学思想及其对世界文明的影响.9国学,中西教学理念等研讨2通过观看视频和阅读,讨论国学在现代文明发展中仍然具有强大功能的理由或中西教育理念的差异.小组讨论10中国建筑艺术2掌握中国古建筑的艺术特征及主要建筑种类.11民俗与民间艺术2了解中国春节,端午节等主要节日,剪纸对联与中国结等民间文化艺术,以及婚礼等习俗.12日常生活2了解中国的饮食,服装,体育,娱乐等特征.布置导读任务-213江苏和长江三角洲简介2了解江苏的地理,历史,经济,文化概况.利用课外时间进行1-2次的地方文化体验14苏州概况2了解苏州的地理,历史,经济,文化概况.15苏州特写2掌握苏州及古镇水乡特色.16苏州建筑特色2了解寺观及园林的建筑特征与文化内涵.17文化与生活2了解苏州人的饮食,艺术,节日以及老行当的文化,生活特色.18课堂演示汇报
和疑2重视过程性评估.通过课外1-2次文化体验之旅,学会团队合作,借助多媒体提高英语应用和跨文化交际能力.小组课题汇报
课程教学
反馈19机动2终结性评估.复习考试
管理与评估手段
中国地方文化课演示考核评估标准和要求.doc中国地方文化英语导读课程校外文化体验小组活动历程评估表.doc
中国地方文化课程学生出勤点名表模板.xls
中国地方文化课程学生课堂座位表.doc中国地方文化课演示考核评估标准和要求
ocalCulture
Dept.________________StudentNo.____________Name______________Score___________
Title:Structure(20%)
﹡Greeting
﹡Introduction
﹡Body
﹡ClosureContent(30%)
﹡Relevance
﹡Reasoning
﹡EvidenceofResearchSoundProduction(20%)
﹡Pronunciation
﹡IntonationandRhythm
﹡Pitch
﹡PlaceandPausing
﹡Volume
﹡Stress
﹡SenseGroupLanguageUseandExpression(20%)
﹡Vocabulary
﹡CohesiveDevice
﹡AppropriateRegister
﹡SentenceStructureUseofPowerPoint(10%)
﹡Timing
﹡SuitabilityofInformation
﹡ClarityandUsefulness※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※
Keynoteorthepresentation:
(copyandpasteyourkeynoteshere,please!)
"中国地方文化英语导读"课程校外文化体验小组活动历程评估表
文化体验项目名称:项目组长:成员:班级编号:评估内容(100分)小组互评教师评分选题评价(可行性,明确性)过程评价(完整性,合适性)成果评价(条理性,创新性)小组自评:
社会体验单位的评价(如有就写):
教师评价:
团队合作性研习成绩总评:
《中国地方文化英语导读》课程单元思考题
ChineseCulture
ChapterOneGeneralSurvey
1.HowmanynaturaltopographicaldistrictsarethereinChina
2.PleasegiveabriefintroductionofthelocationofChinaanditslandarea.
3.WhatarethetopographicalfeaturesofChina
4.CayyougiveasketchofthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheChineseCulture
5.WhatarethefeaturesoftheChineseminoritynationalities
6.CanyoulistsomeofChina'snationalitypolicies
ChapterTwoHistory
1.WhatistheoriginofChinesecultureaccordingtothelegendsandmythologies
2.Canyoumakeabriefintroductiontotheearlycivilizationinchina
3.WhatmakestheChinesecivilizationuniqueinworldhistory
4.Pleasegiveabriefaccountofseverallegendaryculturalheroestoberememberedintheprehistoryperiod.
5.CanyoudescribebrieflytheideologicalandacademicmovementsintheSpring-AutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriod
6.WhatarethemaincontributionsoftheFirstEmperorortheShiHuangdi
ChapterThreeLanguage
1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheoriginofChinesecharacters
2.AreChinesecharacterspictographsCanyousaysomethingabouttheoriginanddevelopmentofChinesecharacters
3.AccordingtotheEtymologicalDictionary,whatarethesixtypesoftheChinesecharacters
4.WhatpracticalfunctionsdoescalligraphystillheDoyouthinkputerwillleadtothedisappearanceofChinesecalligraphy
5.WhydowesaytraditionalChinesepaintingisanartformbingmanydifferentformsofart
6.Canyounamethefourtreasuresofthestudy
ChapterFourCulture
1.TheMingandQingdynastieswitnessedgreatachievementsinthecreationoffiction.Pleaselistthefourmostfamousclassicalworksandchooseonetoelaborateon.
2.FolkliteratureisoneofthemostimportantponentsofancientChineseliterature.Pleaseelaborateononeofthefourgreatfolkloresyouarefamiliarwith.
3.CanyounamesomeoftherepresentativeculturalrelicsofChina
4.WhatdotheFourBooksreferto
5.CanyoumakeafulllistoftheFiveClassics
6.Canyounamesomeformsofthetraditionalperformingart
ChapterFiveEducation
1.WhenwastheimperialcivilserviceexaminationestablishedandforhowlongdiditenjoyadominantpositioninthehistoryofancientChineseeducation
2.CanyoudescribetheimperialcivilserviceexaminationintheTangDynasty
3.WhatarethefourbasicskillsanddisciplinesoftheancientChineseliterati
4.Canyoutalkaboutjixiaxuegong,thefamousstate-ownedschoolinChina'seducationalhistory
5.WhatinnovationsdidtheexaminationsystemundergointheSongDynasty
6.WhatroledidtheWesternmissionariesplayinthemoderndevelopmentofChineseeducation
ChapterSixScience
1.ListsomeofthegreatestinventionsandinnovationsofancientChina.
2.What'sthesignificanceofthefourgreatinnovationsinChina
3.PleaselistfouradvancedleadingtechnologicalachievementsofancientChina,andgiveabriefintroductionandreasonorreachingsuchanadvancedlevel.
4.WhatarethefourdiagnosticmethodsusedbydoctorsofthetraditionalChinesemedicine
5.PleasemakeabriefintroductiontothespecialtreatmentintraditionalChineseMedicine.
6.WhataresometypicaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternmedicines
ChapterSevenPhilosophy
1.LiviaKohndividedTaoiintothreecategories.Whatarethey
2.TheTraditionalChineseculturehasbeenmoldedbythethreestreamsofphilosophicaltraditions:Confuciani,TaoiandBuddhi.HowisChinesepeople'sphilosophyoflifeinfluencedbythethreestreams
3.WhatarethreephilosophicaltraditionsthathemoldedtheChineseCulture
4.WhatarethedifferentschoolsofConfuciani
5.FilialpietywasacardinalprincipleofthetraditionalChinesemorality.Canyouelaborateonthefilialpietyandmakeamentonit.
ChapterEightArchitecture
1.WhatarethefeaturesofChinesearchitecture
2.HowmanytypesofChinesearchitecturecanbecategorizedinto
3.ConfucianihasaneffectonChinesearchitecture.Canyougiveanexample
4.ThetraditionalresidentialarchitectureofChinaconsistsofsevenmajorstyles.Canyoulistthesesevenstylesandelaborateononeofthem
5.TakestonelionorexampletoexplaintheartisticanddecorativeimageofChinesearchitectureconstruction.
6.WhichisthemostfamousbridgeinyourcountryCanyoutellthedifferencebetweenitandZhaozhouBridge
7.WhatarethefourgreatclassicalgardensinChinaWhatarethekeyelementsoftheconstructionofChineseclassicalgardens
ChapterNineFolkCulture
1.WhatphilosophicalideaiscloselyrelatedtoDoubleNinthFestivalHowdoChinesepeoplecelebratethespecialoccasion
2.WhatkindofartisChineseknotWhatdoes"knot"meaninChinese
3.WhatfactorsdoChinesepeopletakeintoconsiderationinnaming
4.WhatistraditionalChinesecalendarsystemWhatistheGregoriancalendar
5.HowdotheChinesepeoplecelebratetheSpringFestivalWhataretheseriesofcelebrations
6.CanyouintroduceatraditionalChinesefestivalinMayWhatisthedateofitHowdowecelebratethefestival
7.DoyouknowalegendrelatedtoThePureBrightnessDayHowcanwerevitalizetheTomb-sweepingDayintoa'ThanksgivingDay'ofChinese-style
ChapterTenLife
1.WhatkindofexerciseisShuttlecockkickingHowpopularhasitbeeninChina
2.Howissing"face"characteristicallyreflectedinallaspectsoftheChineselifePleaseelaborateononeaspect
3.PleaseexplainalittlebitaboutChinesetablemannersandChineseeatinghabits.
4.PleasemakeaparisonbetweenChineseandwesterndishesandmentontheirdistinctivefeaturesrespectively.
5.WhyisChinesecuisinethoughttobeareflectionofmonocultures
LocalCulture
ChapterElevenProfile
1.WhatdoestheYangtzeDeltagenerallypriseHowcanthecitiessuchasSuzhoubenefitfromit
2.WhatistheweatherlikeinJiangsuProvince
3.WhatarethemajoragriculturalproductsinJiangsuProvince
4.PleaselistsomemajorcitiesinJiangsuProvince.
5.PleasemakeabeliefintroductionofthecityofNanjing.
6.CanyoutalkaboutthelegendoftheGoldHillTempleinZhenjiang
7.Whichcityiscalled"PearloftheTaihuLake"Whatcraftanshipdoesthiscityboastof
8.WhyistheYangtzeRiverreferredtoasagoldenchannel
9.WhataretheadvantagesofShanghaiinitsdevelopment
10.WhatroledoesShanghaiplayinChina'ssocialandeconomicdevelopment
11.WhataretheplacesofinterestinHangzhou
12.CanyoulistsomeofthehonorsthatHangzhouhaswon
ChapterTwelveGatewaytoSuzhou
1.Howdoestheproverbdescribethetwocitiesof"paradise"intheYangtzeDeltaWhatarethesetwocities
2.CanyoudescribethegeographicallocationofSuzhou
3.AccordingtothecourtartistXuYang's13-meter-longpainting,SuzhouwasthemostflourishingindustrialandmercialcityinChina240yearago.HowhasWuZonechangedfromthe"Landofricebarn"tooneofthelargestriceimportedareaAnalyzethepossiblereasons.
4.WhatdoesPingjiangMapportray
5.WhyisSuzhoucalledthecityofZhuangyuan
6.WhatforablefactorsdoesSuzhouheasacityofZhuangyuaninhistory
7.IntheQingDynasty,ricetradeboomedaroundtheMapleBridgearea.WhatchangesdiditbringtoSuzhou
8.WhatareSuzhou'inancialcharacteristicsduringthe19thcentury
9.PleasemakeabriefintroductionofthetwolargeindustrialparksinSuzhou.
10.CanyoulistthreemainmercialdistrictsinSuzhou
11.CanyoulistsomeoftheinternationalpaniesthathesetupjointventuresinSuzhou
12.CanyougivesomereasonortheopennessofSuzhou'seconomy
13.WhatisthefirstdevelopmentzoneinSuzhou
14.PleaselistsomeofthesatellitecitiesunderthejurisdictionofSuzhou.
ChapterThirteenSuzhouCloseUp
1.Pleasegiveabriefaccountofoneofthelocalsightsthatimpressyoumost:anoldtownship,anoldwell,anoldbridge,anoldalleyway,oranoldcitygate.
2.WhatisthesignificanceofwatertoSuzhou
3.WhyisSuzhouoftenparedtoVenice
4.WhatdoestheThreeScenesofthePanmenGatereferto
5.WhatisGuangfufamouor
6.WhichbridgeisthelongestinChina
ChapterFourteenFeaturedArchitecture
1.WhatarethemajorstylesofSuzhougardens
2.WhatisthefamousTaoisttemplesituatedonGuanqianStreet
3.CanyouwritedownthenamesofSuzhougardensthatareonthelistofworldculturalheritagesites
4.WhatarethemainaestheticfeaturesoftheTaihuLakerocks
5.WhatarethefourgreatclassicalgardensinSuzhou
6.WhatarethegardensinSuzhouknownforDoyouseealotofharmonyinSuzhougardens
ChapterFifteenCultureandLife
1.WhatisSuzhoufanfamouorWhat'sspecialwithsandalwoodfans2.PeopleinSuzhouheneverabandonedtheirlong-lastingfestivalcustoms.HowdotheyweletheNewYear3.PleasegiveabriefaccountofoldlifestyleofpeopleinSuzhouandtrytoelaborateononeoftheexistingtrades.4.WhataspectofWuculturehasimpressedyo