本站原创摘 要：纳撒尼尔·霍桑对对故事的原型塑造非常在行,他有着美国最伟大的小说家和说书人的赞誉.他生活在文艺复兴时期,基督教对他的写作风格有很大的影响,这种影响和他有一个基督教家庭的背景事分不开的.在他的小说里有许多例如亚当、夏娃、撒旦等人物还有正义和邪恶之间的斗争等等圣经原型,所以红字也是一部了解圣经的必不可少的作品.
关 键 词：原型；影响；家庭背景
Abstract:NathanielHawthornewasgoodatmakingarchetypes.HewascalledthemostacplishedAmericanstorytellerandnovelist.HeisoneofthewritersinAmericanRenaissanceonwhomChristianityhasahugeinfluence.TheimpactwhichtheBiblemakeaybedatedbacktohiamilybackground.Hewasborninapuritanfamily.Puritanihasastronginfluenceonhim.Therearemanyarchetypesinthisnovel,suchasthearchetypesofAdam,Eve,Satan,scapegoat,thebattlebetweengoodandevilandsoon.TheScarletLetteralsoisindispensabletounderstandtheBiblewellifonewantstoheagoodmandofwesternliterature.
Keyword:archetypes,influence,familybackground
THEBIBLICALARCHETYPESINTHESCARLETLETTER
Thescarletletterisseennotasromancebutayth-thestoryofmanandwomaninafallenhumanworld.TheBiblebeginswiththestoryofAdamandEve,whowereexpelledfromtheGardenofEdenforeatingfromthetreeofknowledgeofgoodandevil.TheexperienceofHesterandDimmesdalerecallsofEveandAdambecauseinbothcases,sinresultsinexpulsionandsuffering.Butitalsoresultsinknowledge-specifically,inknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobehuman.
AorHester,shewasexpelledtotheoutskirtsofBoston.Inthissense,HesterhasbeenexpelledfromherparadiselikeEvewhoisdrivenoutoftheParadiseGodprovides.Shesins,and"accordingtotraditionalPuritani,thisactshutsheroffforeverfromParadise."
AsthesinofEveresultsinherknowledgeofgoodandevil,Hester''ssinleadstoknowledgethoughitleadstoisolationandanguishatonce,Shamedandalienatedfromtherestofthemunity,Hestergrowsintellectualandbeescontemplative.Shespeculatesonhumannature,socialanization,andlargermoralquestions
UnlikeHesterwhoisdamnedbysociety,Dimmesdaleisdamnedbyhimself.Therefore,forthemostpart,hesufferromaspiritualostracibecauseheremainullyapartofthesociety,continuingtopreachsermonsandmaintaininghiscongregants''respect.Furthermore,asagreatservantofGod,heisobligatorytotellthetruth.Thus,sevenyearsofhypocrisyisespeciallyhardonhim.Hisinabilitytoconfesshissinfulactofpassioncauseshimgreatanguishandself-hatred.Hesterbelongstothefigureofthisarchetypeofscapegoat."Thefigureofatypicalorrandomvictimbeginstocrystallizeindomestictragedyasitdeepensinironictone.Wemaycallthistypicalvictimthepharmakosorscapegoat.HestersinsthroughpassionwhichisregardedasevilbytraditionalPuritani.Yetpassionisoneofhuman''snaturaltraits.
Thepeopleofthemunity,liketheirharshancestorswhoseportraitshanginthegovernor''ansiongazewithharshandintolerantcriticiatthepursuitsandenjoymentsoflivingmen.AndHester''spregnancymakeshersinself-evidentasshehasbeenleftaloneforalongstretchoftime.Puritansconsideradulterytobeimmortal,thevilestofthevileandtheblackestoftheblack.
Indeed,Hesterbeesascapegoat,onwhomallthesinsofthemunitycanbelaid,andthepublicnatureofherpunishmentmakesheanobjectforvoyeuristiccontemplation,italsogivesthetownspeople,particularlythewomen,achancetodemonstrate-orconvincethemselvesof-theirownpietybycondemningherasloudlyaspossible.RatherthanseeingtheirownpotentialsinfulnessinHester,thetownspeopleseeherassomeonewhosetransgressionsoutweighandobliteratetheirownerrors.
Inthisnovel,theBlackMandwellsnotintheforest,butinthevillageasamanformofChillingworth.Evil,initostpoisonouorm,ioundinthecarefullyplottedandpreciselyaimedrevengeofChillingworth,whoselovehasbeenperverted.Amongthecharacters,RogerChillingworthembodiesSatan,thedevil.
First,hisnameRogerChillingworthreflectshisevilcharacter.Thename"RogerChillingworth"conveystheimplicationsofrogueandchilliness.Thepronunciationofhiirstname,Roger,issimilarto"rogue".
Secondly,thedescriptionofChillingworth''scountenanceandthewayhebehesbringshometothereadersthefactthatheistheembodimentofSatan.FromhiirstappearanceRogerChillingworthisdescribedindemonicterms.
Thirdly,theimageriesinthenovellendforcetothefactthatChillingworthbelongstothefigureofthearchetypeofSatan.Hawthorneisawriterwho"thinksinpicture".HereliesheilyontheappealtothesenseofvisionthroughthecreationofthevisualimagesbywhichHawthornconveyshisjudgementofgoodandevil.Thereareimagesofcolor,oflightandshade,andoffloweretc.Chillingworthisconnectedwiththeserpentimagery,theimageryofblackordarkandunnaturalflowerandvegetationsymbolizingevil.TheimplicationofChillingworth''sname,hiscountenance,hisbehiorandtheimageryallillustratetheevilnessofChillingworth.Inthissense,heistheembodimentofSatan.ThearchetypeoftheBiblealsoreflectsonPearl,Hester''sdaughter.Sheistheembodimentofanangelandisdepictedasnature''schild.Sheisanobjectofnaturalbeauty.ShemakestheletterAforherself,agreenone,butnotasscarletashermother''sA.TheseseemtoshowthattheletterAisinfactnatural.Besides,HawthornehasadoptedanotherBiblicalarchetype,thatis,thearchetypeofthesaint.Hesterbelongstothefigureofthisarchetype.
Tosumup,Thefigureofthearchetypeduetothefactthatshebearsthesinsofboththetownpeopleandherfellow-sinnerDimmensdale.ThearchetypeofSatan,towhichtheChillingwirthbelongs.Theevocativemeaningofhisname,hiscountenance,thewayhebehesandhisdoomallreflecthisdevilishness.HebearsthestrongresemblancetoSatan.
Bibliography：
[1]Abel,Darrel.Hawthorne''sDimmesdale[J].Nieenth-CenturyFiction,Sep.,1956.
[2]Crew,FredericC.TheSinsofTheFathers:Hawthorne''sPsychologicalTheme[M.]NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1958.
[3]Daniel,Clay.TheScarletLetter:Hawthorne,Freud,andtheTranscendentalists[J].AmericanTranscendentalQuarterly,Mar,1986.
作者简介：杨璐（1982.9-）,女,西安外事学院成教院基础教研室.