如何撰写高水平的学术文,如何写好一篇总结文

更新时间:2024-01-06 作者:用户投稿原创标记本站原创 点赞:12181 浏览:47834

怎样写好英语图表分析作文

纵观近几年高考,英语书面表达大致分为材料作文,图表作文和开放作文.且材料作文逐渐被图表作文取代,图表分析作文就是将数据,图像所包含的信息,转化为表意的说明文字.图表分析作文通常比较复杂,学生不仅要弄清提示,还要看懂所给的图表和数据.由于这类试题提示内容少,信息点分散,审题时一定要领会作者的出题意图,弄清主题再动笔:1.单纯描述解释图表信息,按图表所示内容如实表达,不加评论.2.通过叙述图表(或图画)中的内容和数字变化来分析原因,发表议论.

(一)柱状图(BARCHART)

人们日常生活中事物的变化情况通常可以用宽度相等的柱状图形来表示,柱状图的高度差别用来说明事物的动态发展趋势,同时要注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息.

例:你们班会的讨论主题是"上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗"请你根据下面图表及汉语提示,写一篇短文,并阐述你的个人观点.

提示:1.增长学识,提高素养,利于择业.

2.成功的路不只一条.

3.学费高,就业难.

要求:1.词数:100~120左右.

2.开头语已为你写好(不计入词数).

3.参考词汇:tuitionn.学费qualitiesn.素养

【解题分析】

柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形,要求学生通过柱状图图中数据和提示内容写一短文,属于比较,对照类.也可根据提示写为议论文.通常我们采取三段式写法:

第一段:描述图表,得出结论.

第二段:紧扣主题,根据图表比较分析原因,论证结论.

第三段:发表议论,提出自己的看法.

【提炼要点】

分析柱状图数据信息.从图中可看出,黑色代表想上大学,占大多数,约60%,浅黑色代表无所谓,占约30%,白色代表不想上大学,占约10%.

Onepossibleversion

IsItTheOnlyWayOutToGoToCollege

Wehadadiscussionaboutwhetheritistheonlywayoutforseniorstudentstogotocollege.Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.

Themajorityofusconsideritverynecessarytogotocollege.Theythinkitcanwidentheirknowledgeandimprovetheirqualities.Onlyinthiswaycantheyfindbetterjobsaftergraduation.Veryfewstudents,thatisabouttenpercentofthestudents,thinkitnousegoinguniversity,becausethetuitionistoohighfortheirfamilytoafford.What'ore,it'sratherhardforcollegegraduatestoseeksatiactoryjobs.Thirtypercentofthestudents,however,believe"AllroadsleadtoRome."Thereforeitdoesn'tmakeanydifferencewhethertheygotocollegeornot.

Inmyopinion,wecanreceiveabettereducationatcollegesothatwecanserveourmotherland.

【语言亮点】

词汇.如:consider,widen,afford,seek,satiactory.

句式.如:形式宾语:Themajorityofusconsideritverynecessarytogotocollege.

倒装:Onlyinthiswaycantheyfindbetterjobsaftergraduation.

主语从句:it'sratherhardforcollegegraduatestoseeksatiactoryjobs.

谚语:AllroadsleadtoRome.

过渡词.如:thatisabouttenpercentofthestudents,what'ore,however,inmyopinion.

【技巧点拨】

1.读懂柱状图坐标刻线及图例说明与文字,比较柱状高低和颜色表示内容及数据.

2.学会看趋势,找规律,从整体看图表有何发展变化,找出特点,规律.

3.引用图表包含信息,使你的文章"由图而发",言之有据.

【常用句式】

1.Ascanbeseenfromthechart..Asisshowninthechart..

2.Thechartshowsthatabout60percentofstudentswanttogotocollege...

3.Fromthegraph/data/results/informationabove,itcanbeseen/concluded/shown/estimated...

4.Thegraphshowsthechangesinthenumberof...overtheperiodfrom...to...

5.Comparedwith...,thenumberofthestudentsof...

实战演练

观察下列图表,请以"ChangesintheOwnershipofHouse"为主题,为校报写一篇短文.

注意:短文应包括以下内容:

1.根据图示描述该市住房产权的变化.

2.分析产生这些变化的原因.

3.说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响.

要求:1.首句已经为你写好.

2.词数100左右.

Onepossibleversion

OwnershipofHousesinaBigCityinChina

Ascanbeseenfromthechart,ownershipofhousesinabigcityinChinachangedinthepasttenyears.In1995,75percentofthehouseswerestateowned.Fiveyearslater,therateofstateownedhousestoprivateoneswas3to2.Butfromthenon,theownershipofhouseschangedrapidlyandsofar80percentofhouseshebeenprivate.

WhatcausedthechangesTheremighthebeentwomainreasons.First,from1995uptonow,thepeople'slivingstandardshebeenimproving.Mostofthemcanaffordtobuythehouses.Second,mostpeopledonotsealotofmoneyinthebankfortheirchildrenastheirparentsdidinthepast.Theywanttohetheirownhomeandenjoylife.

Suchchangeshehadagreateffectonthedevelopmentofsociety.Itdoesgoodtoboththecitizensandthegovernment.

真题体验

(2006湖北)受某英文报的委托,你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查.请根据以下信息,用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文.短文的标题及首句已为你写好.

调查内容:在新闻,故事,科普,学习方法四种英文文章中,学生最喜欢哪一种

调查范围:湖北省的10所中学

调查对象:高中生

调查人数:1,000

调查方式:访谈

调查结果:(见下图)

Onepossibleversion

ReadingInterestsofSenior

MiddleSchoolStudents

Recently,asurveyhasbeendonetofindoutthereadinginterestsofseniormiddleschoolstudents.Inthissurvey,onethousandseniormiddleschoolstudentromtenschoolsinHubeiProvincewereinterviewed.TheywereaskedwhichtheylikedreadingmostamongthefourcategoriesofEnglisharticles,news,stories,popularsciencearticlesandarticlesaboutlearningmethods.

Thesurveyshowsthatmorethanhalfofthestudentsliketoreadnewost.TwentysixpercentofthestudentssaythatEnglishstoriesaretheirforite.Onlysevenpercentofthestudentsaremostinterestedinreadingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.However,thenumberofstudentswhoenjoyreadingpopularsciencearticlesdoublesthatofthosewhopreferreadingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.

(二)曲线图(LINEGRAPH)

曲线图常用来表示事物的变化趋势.常分为带时间参照和不带时间参照两种.曲线图的特点是信息集中,一目了然.

例:下面的曲线图是我国2006年不同月份汽车事故分布示意图,请以"Thenumberofcaraccidentsin2006"为题写一篇文章.要求:

1.描述不同月份汽车事故分布(distribution)及总趋势.

2.描述汽车事故的可能原因和对策.

3.参考词汇:peak顶点,高峰.词数:100~120.

【解题分析】

英语曲线图作文实际是一篇"解说词",即通过曲线图提供的信息,分析图中数据,综合出文章的主题.可采取三段式写法:

第一段:用简短的几个句子简述图表.

第二段:根据图表分类,概括性地描述曲线内容.

第三段:对文章整体内容进行结论性总结.

【提炼要点】

分析曲线图数据信息.从图中可看出,曲线图的横轴代表2006年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量.从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降.曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39),此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点(16).可见,2006年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势.

Onepossibleversion

TheNumberofCarAccidentsin2006

Fromthegraph,wecanseethatthereweretwopeaksofaccidentsin2006.OnewasinFebwiththenumberof32.TheotherwasinAugustwiththenumberof39,whichwasthehighestpointofthedistributionline.FromAugust,thenumberofcaraccidenthadbeendecreasingtillitreachedthelowestpointoftheyearinDecember.Twopeaksoccurredinspringandsummer,thetwoseasonswhichhadmostoftheyear'srain.Drivingtendstobemoredangerousinrainydays.Maybetheweatheristhemostimportantreasonforcaraccidents.Becareful,whenyoudriveacarinrainydays.

【语言亮点】

词汇.如:peak,point,distribution,decrease,reach,occur,tendto.

句式.如:宾语从句:wecanseethatthereweretwopeaksofaccidentsin2006.

定语从句:whichwasthehighestpointofthedistributionline.

状语从句:...tillitreachedthelowestpointoftheyearinDecember.

...whenyoudriveacarinrainydays.

【技巧点拨】

1.认真观察坐标系信息,抓住曲线图变化趋势,结合提供的时间和数据参照寻求切入点.

2.根据曲线图的变化过程,尽可能利用所给的文字信息进行分类,比较,总结.

3.写作过程中不必要将图中全部数据信息加以描述,只需将典型内容作以分析.

4.注意根据有无时间参照确定整篇文章时态.

【常用句式】

1.Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thelineshowsthat...

2.Accordingtothegraph,wecansee/concludethat...

3.Thisisalinegraphwhichdescribesthetrendof...

4.Thenumbersharplywentupto...

5.Thepercentageof...stayedthesamebetween...

6.Thefiguresreachedthepeaks/bottom...

实战演练

1.根据下面曲线图,以CarExplosioninChina为题,描述我国近10年来私人拥有小汽车情况,说明人们生活的水平的变化和你的看法.短文开头已给出,不计入总词数.词数:100左右.

Onepossibleversion

CarExplosioninChina

Asisvividlydescribedinthetableabove,greatchangesincarownershiphetakenplaceinChinaoverpastdecade.Thenumberofprivatecarshasaccordinglyincreasednearly7timerommorethan2millionin1996toover14millionin2006.What'sthereason

Therearetwomainfactororthesechanges.Tobeginwith,developmentineconomyplaysitalroleintheseyears.ThehigherinesresultsinChinesepeople'sowningprivatecars.What'ore,inmodernsociety,timemeanoney,manyChineseneedacartodobusinessontime.

Inmyview,however,thecarexplosionwillconstantlyincreaseyearbyyear,alargenumberofsocialproblemssuchastrafficjams,amongotherthings,areturningupnearlyeverycityinChina.

2.自1970年至1990年,中国农民个人收入稳步增长,特别是改革开放政策大大促进了农村经济发展.请你根据下面图表及汉语提示,写一篇短文,描述其变化,并简述其原因.


提示:1.根据图表,简析近20年农民平均个人收入情况.

2.简析上述变化的原因.

3.谈谈你的看法.

注意:1.词数100左右.

2.参考词汇:图表graph

改革开放reformandopeningup

Onepossibleversion

Accordingtothefiguresgivenbythegraph,theChinesefarmers'personalinerosesteadilyfrom1970to1990.Inthemiddleof1970'stheirinewasratherlow.Theirannualpersonalinewasabout180yuan.Butin1980theeragepersonalineincreasedto270yuan.Asisshownbythegraph,in1985theirinedoubledupto540yuan.Afterthattheirinearegrowingsharply.Inaword,duringtheperiodof20yearsthefarmers'inehadgoneuprapidly.

Thereweremanyreasonorit.MainlytheChinesegovernmenthadbeencarryingoutareformandopeningpolicy,whichresultedinthesteadygrowthoffarmers'ine.

Ibelievethatwithaseriesofagriculturalpoliciesbeingcarriedout,thereisnodoubtthatthefarmers'livingstandardwillbeimprovedtothefullest.