本站原创[摘 要]合作学习是以生生互动作为教学活动的主要取向,学生之间的合作为其共同特征的方式之一.英语写作对高一学生来讲难度颇大,合作学习能有效地帮助学生克服恐惧,激发学生大胆地尝试,积极参与写作训练.
[关键字]合作学习；高中英语；写作教学
[中图分类号]G623
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]2095-3712（2013）32-0029-06
[作者简介]（1969―）,男,江苏如东人,本科,江苏省南通市如东县高级中学教师,中学高级.
教材：译林版牛津高中英语模块二
单元：Unit1Talesoftheunexplained
板块：Task(P16-17)――Skillsbuilding3――Step3Writingareport
一、设计理念
合作学习是以生生互动作为教学活动的主要取向,学生之间的合作为其共同特征的方式之一.自19世纪杜威以“在做中学”开始合作学习教学方式的探索改革以来,合作学习已广泛地应用于美国、新西兰、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、德国等国的大、中、小学教学.合作学习模式能有如此强大的生命力,主要缘于它能创设更多平和的体验氛围.学习者变得自信、自然,自由地表达,这种共生模式非常有利于第二语言的学习.
英语写作对高一学生来讲难度颇大.合作学习能有效地帮助学生克服恐惧,激发学生大胆地尝试,积极参与写作训练.本节课以学生活动为主,具体包括：分析数据――得出结论――提供建议――习作――互改――互评等环节；老师间接以引入――引导――建议――归纳提升――评价的格式参与活动.合作由生生与师生双向交叉进行,需要的辅助设备包括电脑,实物展示平台.另外,课前分好小组.
二、教学目的
通过本堂课的实践,学生预期形成分析问卷后的统计数据的能力,透过这些数据得出相关的结论并提出一些中肯的建议,然后组织一篇基于目标要求的小报告文.在实践中,学生通过小组合作,在任务分工与担当中彼此借鉴,初步熟悉写作的基本过程与技能,间或培养学生的协作、荣辱与共的团队意识.
三、课堂简录
(Classbegins)
Step1Leadin(1minutes)
Helloeverybody！Intheverylastperiodwemainlyfocusedontheproblemsinregardtodesigningaquestionnaireaswellasconductingasurvey.Todaywe’llputmoreemphasesonanalyzingthestatisticsgatheredfromanumberofquestionnairesbeforeweusetheinformationtowriteareport.
Nowwe’llnaturallybeclassifiedintoquiteafewgroupsasusual,eachfourmembers.Allright,let’sgettothepoint.
Step2TaskPresentingandSolving(5minutes)
Girlsandboys,shownonthescreenisapiechart,whichshowsussomestatisticsgatheredfromasurveyconductedinaschoolaboutstudents’hobbiesandinterests.Pleaseanalyzethestatisticsanddrawatleastthreemoreconclusions.Thenmakeyoursuggestions.Rememberafterdiscussionandtask,eachgroupshoulddetermineonememberoftoreportwhathasbeenobtained.
Picture1
(Theprocessofdiscussion――Omitted)
Conclusions:
Suggestions:
Step4Report(3minutes)
Nowisyourtimetopresentyourfinalconclusionsandsuggestions.Whichgroupwouldliketoreportyourworks(Thefollowingisonesample)
Conclusions:
1.Playingsportsisthemostpopularactivityforstudentsintheschool.
2.ThesecondmostpopularactivityforstudentsintheschoolissurfingtheInter.
3.Onlyafewstudentsintheschoollikereading.
4.Moststudentsintheschooldon’tlikedancing.
Remendations:
1.Theschoolshouldhemoresportsequipment.
2.heschoolshouldhelpthestudentsunderstandhowtousetheInterforstudyanresearch.3.Theschoolshouldfindwaystogetthestudentsinterestedinreading.
4.Schoolsocialeventsshouldnotincludedancing,becausemoststudentssimplyarenotinterestedinit.
Step5Directionromtheteacher(2minutes)
Well,Iamgladmostofyouhedonefine.However.Whatdeservesourattentionisthatadviceisquitedifferentfromorders.Wehetosoundpolite,positive,helpfulandvaluablewhenofferingsuggestions.Thefollowingiswhatcanhelpyoudoagoodjob.
Howtomakeremendations:
等shouldhemoresportacilities
Isuggest等
等hadbetter等
Iwouldappreciateitif等
Theymayaswell等
Step6Writingareport(10minutes)
Now,mychildren,hereestothepoint,whereyouaretowriteareportaboutthepossibilityofstartingaschoolbookclubafteranalyzingthestatistics.Firstpleasereadthepiechart,whichpresentsstatisticsaboutstudents’foritereadingtypes.Thendiscusswithyourpartners,drawconclusionsandmakesuggestionslateron.Last,youarerequiredtowriteareportonstartingabookclubtogetstudentsinterestedinreading.
Nowlet’sgetstarted.
Picture2
(Theprocessofdiscussion――omitted)
Allright,I’msogladtoseeyoumostkeptmotivatedinyourjob.Nowisyourturntopresentyourconclusionsandsuggestions.(Thefollowingisonesample)
Conclusions：
1.themostpopularreadingsubjectishumor,which28percentofthestudentsenjoy.
2.25%ofthestudentsareinterestedinbooksabouttrel.
3.16%iondofbooksconcerningsports
4.12%likereadingsciencebooks等
5.Aallnumberofstudents等
Suggestions：
1.Weshouldheahumorbookclub.
2.heclubmeetingsonceaweek.
3.eupwithalistofhumorbooks等
Directionromtheteacher(3minutes)
You’vedoneareallygoodjob.Now,Attention,please！Whenweanizeareportbasedonasurvey,weusuallyethisway.Lookatthescreen.
Samplestructures
Paragraphone:Describethepurposeofthesurvey“Inorderto等,wecarriedoutasurveyamong等about等Theresultsareaollows:等.”
Paragraphtwo:Drawconclusionromthefacts.“Fromthechartabove,wehefoundthat等”
Paragraphthree:Givedetailsofyoursuggestions.“Togetthestudentoreinterestedin等wesuggest等”
Now,pleasewritedownyourreportonthepaper,andattachimportancetoyourspellings,trytooidaanymistakesaspossible.Afteryoufinishit,exchangeitandreviseit.Nowlet’sgetdowntoourtask.
(Theprocessofwritingandrevision――Omitted)
OK.It’stimetopresentyourworksonthescreen,Anyvolunteer
(TheprocessofOralreport――Omitted)Nowattention,please！PresentedontheexhibitplatformisasampleprovidedbyLiuMiaoShiqi.Let’senjoyit.
Fromoursurveyofstudents,wehefoundthatonly8percentofthestudentslikereading.Themostpopularreadingsubjectishumour,which28percentofthestudentsenjoy.Thisiscloselyfollowedbytrelbooks,inwhich25percentofthestudentsareinterested.16percentofthestudentslikereadingsportsandtwelvepercentlikesciencebooks.Aallnumberofthestudentslikeothersubjects,suchashistory.
Inordertogetmanymorestudentsinterestedinreading.wesuggestthatweheahumourbookclub,sincehumouristhemostpopularsubject.Eachclasswouldheitsownclubmeetingsonceaweek.Atthemeetings,theycoulddiscusswhatbookstheyarecurrentlyreading,andcouldevenreadaloudsomefunnybitromthebooks.Theclasonitorscouldtheneupwithalistofhumourbookswhicharepopularwiththestudents,andthislistcouldbesharedwithotherclasses.Thiswouldbeagoodwaytoencouragestudentstoreadbyhelpingthemlearnaboutbooksthattheymightenjoy.
实际教学时,教师在此处比设计上多了一个环节,让学生们评价刘同学的这篇习作,同学们列出四点：
1.条理清晰、段落中心明确.
2.解读图表数据仔细,写作内容覆盖了所有信息点.
3.能学以致用（新学的定语从句）.
4.书写美观.
这一环节看似可有可无,实质作用甚大,它让学生自我意识到,以上四点正是提升高中英语写作水平的关键.
Step7Consolidation(12minutes)
Now,youallunderstandwhattodowithareportalongwithstatistics.Thefollowingjobisquitenecessarytohelpyoustrengthenwhatyoujustachieved.ReadtheBarChartonthescreencarefully,thenwriteareport.Rememberyouheonly10minutestogo.
现在越来越多的公司或企业花钱来做广告,提升产品或怎么写作的知名度,以获得更大的效益.请观察下列两个公司2013年广告费用柱状图（如图3）,然后用英语写一篇120词左右的说明文.
MoneySpentonDifferentTypesofAdvertisingin2013
Picture3
TheProcessofthissection.
LookattheBarChartshownonthescreen.Discusswithyourpartneroverwhatinformationcanbeobtained.Andwritedownwhatyouconclude.
Reportyouressaytoyourpartner.
Exchangethewrittenworks,pointoutthemistakesifany,andoffersomepropertips.
Reviseyourownpassagebytakingyourpartners’advice.
Remendthebestessayofyourgrouptothewholeclass.
Giveproperevaluationandpraise.
(Theprocessofwritingandrevision――Omitted)
Learnfromastandardversionaollows.
Thebarchartshowstherespectiveamountsofmoneyinthousandsofdollarsspentondifferenttypesofadvertisingbytwopanies-AcmeandFamous.
Overall,AcmespentmoreonadvertisingthanFamous.
Bothpaniesspentthelargestamountofmoneyontelevisionpromotion,withAcmespending$250,000whileFamousspent$200,000.
Acmespentthesecondhighestamountonnewspaperadvertising,atapproximately$125,000,whereasFamousspentonlyabout$75,000onthistype.Incontrast,FamousspenttwiceauchontheInterasAcme,at$100,000and$50,000respectively.
Bothpaniesspenttheleastmoneyonbillboardpromotions,atabout$25,000each.
Step8Makeasummary(1minute)
Throughthepracticeinthisperiodoftime,wehefocusedonhowtoreadthechartaswellasanalyzestatistics.Meanwhile,we’vedevelopedtheabilityofreadingbetweenthelinesandbeyondthelines.Inaddition,welearnmuchfromourpartners.Nowmakeassesentofyourselfandyourpartnersaccordingtoperformancesinthisperiod.
Form1Selfassesent
Name[CD#5]Group[CD#5]Time[CD#5]
ItemsofEvaluation
Participation
AlwaysSometimesSeldomScoresofEachItem
Iliketofinishthetaskwithmygroupmembers
Icanattendthegroupstudyactively
I’mquiteclearaboutmyresponsibilityandmyrolework
IcanexpresyselfinEnglish
Icanreadverycarefullyothers’works
Icanvalueothers’differentopinions
Icanmakemyselfunderstood.
Ibenefitalotfromothers’talk
Total
NOTE:Always等于5pointsSometimes等于ointsSeldom等于1-0point
Form2Crossassesent
Name[CD#5]Group[CD#5]Time[CD#5]
Members’name
HowwelldoesHEorSHEattendscooperativelearningactivities
WhetheractiveinthegroupworkHowwellpreparedforthetaskWhetherclear
abouttheindividualtaskWhetherlistentootherscarefullyWhetherhelpotherswhentheyinneedHowwellEnglishusedTotalScore
Name1
Name2
Name3
Name4
NOTE:VeryWell等于5points,Well等于4points,Justsoso等于oints,Worse等于2-0points
Step9Assignmentsafterclass(1minute)
FinishwrittenworksinourtextbookatPage93(Teacherofferssometips)
(Classisdiissed)
四、教后反思
本堂课,教者引导学生合作探究,开展了读图表、分析数据、得出结论、提出建议、撰写报告、互相批阅、上台展示等系列活动,让学生的思维灵动了起来,课堂不再沉闷.
目前教改前沿对“合作学习”教学模式在英语写作方面的理论探讨偏少,对教者而言还是全新的课题.本节课的硬伤也是明显的.首先,合作学习在本课时只是简单地体现于小组讨论,没有思维深度与广度.其次,没有注意采纳小组分工中的同组异质原则,有些小组整体层次不高,没有领头羊,成就小些,不够自信.再次,合作探究的时间给得不够充分,尤其是互改环节,有急急赶场之嫌.最后,小组合作学习的成效评价不够真实,学生间彼此的评价、说“恭维话”,没有发挥评价的导引作用,在下次作文课中要改进.
另外,从学情看,高一的学生刚刚接触英文写作,篇章中多处呈现出“口语”的味道,学生不甚了解“formalEnglish”和“InformalEnglish”.此外,不少学生汉式英语泛滥,后续指导的环节很多.
ItemsofEvaluation(满分60)
PointorEachItem
54320
Basedontasks,IdesignedvariouswaysofCL,mostofwhicharewellcarriedout√
IcanhelpstudentsreachtheirgoalwithdifferentwaysofCL√
Basedontasks,Iadoptdifferentwaysofgroupdivision√
ThegoalIsetiorthewholenottheindividual√
ThegoalIsetcanonlybereachedbygroup√
I’malwaysthinkingofhowtofosterstudents’senseofduty√
IalwaysinvitesomestudentstodesignCLwithme√
BeforethestartofCL,Iletthestudentsknowthewayofpraising√
DuringCL,Ikeepeyesonstudents’performances,reactandtakenotes√
Ialwaysintroducesomesocialandinterpersonalskillstostudents√
IalwaysintroducesomeEnglishceremonialexpressionstostudents√
StudentsheformedthehabitofspeakingEnglishinin-classactivities√
Total51分
NOTE:Always等于5points,Often等于4points,Sometimes等于2-oints,Seldom等于2-1points,Never等于0point