本站原创我从事英语教育已经有十来年了,其中经历了两次教材的改革：苏教版与牛津版.在教学中我发现学生对于动词的学习感到有一定的难度,他们只要看到动词就认为是做谓语,导致不能很好地理解句子意思.其实,动词是个十分复杂的词类,它表示人或事物的动作、状态和遭遇.它的主要功能就是做谓语,但在一些句中它们却不能充当谓语,如,
（1）Learning English is very important./It’s very important to
learn English.
（2）I he a friend called Tom.
（3）There is a dog lying on the ground.
以上几个句中,learn,call,lie都是动词,但它们在句中都不做谓语,它们在句中都以动词的另外形式存在着：即动名词、不定式、过去分词和现在分词.这些词在英语中我们称为非限定动词,而非限定动词在句中是不充当谓语的,如例（1）中learning English 和to learn English作主语,called作后置定语,lying作伴随状语.
在英语中动词有两种形式――限定式和非限定式,也称为限定动词（finit verbs）和非限定动词（non-finit verbs）.限定动词在句中受主语限定,独立充当谓语,而非限定动词不受主语限定,不能独立充当谓语,但能充当谓语之外的其他句子成分.即非限定动词有着非谓语功能,它们在句中可充当主语、宾语等.英语的非谓语功能在句中都是通过限定动词的形态变化表现出来的,如,在词尾加-ing构成现在分词或动名词,词尾加-ed或用不规则变化形式构成过去分词,在动词前加-to构成不定式.而学习和掌握非谓语动词在英语中的运用对学习英语是非常有帮助的.下面我将通过一些例子来谈谈英语动词的非谓语用法.
一、动名词
1.动名词作主语
（1）Working out the problem is difficult for me.
（2）Looking after these children is my task.
2.动名词作宾语
（3）The classroom needs cleaning.
（4）I he finished doing the work.
3.动名词作表语
（5）His fourite sport is playing football.
（6）Her work is sweeping the floor.
4.动名词作定语
（7）You can use a shopping basket in the supermarket.
（8）China is a developing country.
5.动名词作同位语
（9）I like my job,teaching English.
二、不定式
1.不定式作主语
（10）To walk dogs in the park once a day is necessary. /It’s necessary
to walk dogs in the park once a day.
（11）It’s impossible for us to finish so much work in a short
time./To finish so much work in a short time is impossible.
2.不定式作宾语
（12）He wants to buy a book.
（13）We decide to ride bikes to school.
3.不定式作表语
（14）My job is to teach English.
（15）Her dream is to be a dancer.
4.不定式作定语
（16）He is always the first to get to school.
（17）It’s a good place to meet friends.
5.不定式作目的状语
（18）I went to the airport to meet my friends from America.
（19）To get to the zoo,turn left when you e to the crossroads.
6.不定式作宾语补足语
（20）I want you to help me .
（21）He told me not to talk in class.
三、分词 （包括现在分词和过去分词）
1.分词作表语
（22）The film is interesting/exciting.
（23）I am interested in the film.
2.分词作定语
（24）Do you know the girl sdanding by the river.
（25）America is a developed country.
3.分词作状语
（26）The teacher came into the classroom,taking some books in
his hand.
（27）Watching TV,the students talked and laughed.
4.分词作宾语补足语
（28）He saw two men walking into the building.
（29）I felt the house shaking when the earthquake happened.
（30）He had his hair cut.
以上就是我对于英语非谓语动词的几点用法之总结,我希望能够通过以上的讲解归类,帮助学生更好地学习英语.而要想学好英语,还要善于不断地总结归纳以及不断地运用,而运用又是学好外语的最好方法.
（作者单位 江苏省宿迁市陆集中学）